Optimization of boiler control to improve the load-following capability of power-plant units

The capability to perform fast load changes has been an important issue in the power market, and will become increasingly more so due to the increasing commercialization of the European power market. An optimizing control system for improving the loadfollowing capability of power-plant units has therefore been developed. The system is implemented as a complement, producing control signals to be added to those of the existing boiler control system, a concept which has various practical advantages in terms of implementation and commissioning. The optimizing control system takes account of the multivariable and load-dependent nonlinear characteristics of the boiler process, as a scheduled LQG controller with feedforward action is utilized. The LQG controller improves the control of critical process variables, making it possible to increase the load-following capability of a specific plant. Field tests on a 265 MW coal-fired power-plant unit reveals that the maximum allowable load gradient that can be imposed on the plant, can be increased from 4 to 8 MW/min.     

Prediction of the receptor conformation for iGluR2 agonist binding: QM/MM docking to an extensive conformational ensemble generated using normal mode analysis

Highly flexible proteins constitute a significant challenge in molecular docking within the field of drug design. Depending on the efficacy of the bound ligand, the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the ionotropic glutamate receptor iGluR2 adopts markedly different degrees of domain closure due to large-scale domain movements. With the purpose of predicting the induced domain closure of five known iGluR2 partial to full agonists we performed a validation study in which normal mode analysis (NMA) was employed to generate a 25-membered ensemble of iGluR2 LBD structures with gradually changing domain closures, followed by accurate QM/MM docking to the ensemble. Based on the docking scores we were able to predict the correct optimal degree of closure for each ligand within 1–3° deviation from the experimental structures. We demonstrate that NMA is a useful tool for reliable ensemble generation and that we are able to predict the ligand induced conformational change of the receptor through docking to such an ensemble. The described protocol expands and improves the information that can be obtained from computational docking when dealing with a flexible receptor.     

Identification of a putative binding site for 5-alkyl-benzothiadiazides in the AMPA receptor dimer interface

Crystal structures of three different allosteric modulators co-crystallized with the iGluR2 ligand-binding domain are currently available. The modulators, cyclothiazide, aniracetam and CX614, bind at overlapping binding sites in the dimer interface between two iGluR2 subunits. However, pharmacological data indicate that there are one or more additional binding sites for this class of compounds. Based on differences in structure-activity relationship data we show that 5-alkyl-benzothiadiazide (5ABTD) modulators and a series of close analogs of cyclothiazide, despite having a common core structure, do not have the same binding site. In the present work, a new potential binding site for allosteric modulators has been identified in the dimer interface of the iGluR2 ligand-binding domain. By comparing different iGluR2 crystal structures including different co-crystallized agonists, this cavity is shown to be a structurally conserved part of the dimer interface. The cavity is characterized with respect to shape and potential favorable interactions with ligands and docking is used to find a reasonable binding mode for the core structure of the 5ABTDs. The extensive structure-activity data available for this series of compounds are in agreement with the proposed binding mode, supporting the conclusion that the identified cavity most likely is the binding site for the 5ABTDs.     

Alkyl substitution in terminal chain of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate,a pheromone component of turnip moth,Agrotis segetum. Synthesis,single-sensillum recordings,and structure-activity relationships

Structure-activity relationships for 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-alkyl substituted analogs of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, a pheromone component of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum, have been studied by electrophysiological single-sensillum recordings, and interpreted in terms of a receptor-interaction model. The compounds were prepared by alkenyl cuprate reactions with,-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives or alkyl halides. The electrophysiological results indicate steric repulsive interactions between the alkyl groups and the receptor in all the positions studied. This demonstrates a high complementarity between the receptor and the terminal alkyl chain.Schiff., Lepidoptera: Noctuidae.     

Maximum Margin Multisurface Support Tensor Machines with application to image classification and segmentation

Virtually all previous classifier models take vectors as inputs, performing directly based on the vector patterns. But it is highly necessary to consider images as matrices in real applications. In this paper, we represent images as second order tensors or matrices. We then propose two novel tensor algorithms, which are referred to as Maximum Margin Multisurface Proximal Support Tensor Machine (M³PSTM) and Maximum Margin Multi-weight Vector Projection Support Tensor Machine (M³VSTM), for classifying and segmenting the images. M³PSTM and M³VSTM operate in tensor space and aim at computing two proximal tensor planes for multisurface learning. To avoid the singularity problem, maximum margin criterion is used for formulating the optimization problems. Thus the proposed tensor classifiers have an analytic form of projection axes and can achieve the maximum margin representations for classification. With tensor representation, the number of estimated parameters is significantly reduced, which makes M³PSTM and M³VSTM more computationally efficient when handing the high-dimensional datasets than applying the vector representations based methods. Thorough image classification and segmentation simulations on the benchmark UCI and real datasets verify the efficiency and validity of our approaches. The visual and numerical results show M³PSTM and M³VSTM deliver comparable or even better performance than some state-of-the-art classification algorithms.     

内幕：Ajax驱动的Web站点

最近，许多Web站点开始在开发人员社区当中引起关注。这些站点独特之处在于，它们更像是桌面应用程序而非Web应用程序。当您与它们交互时，它们可以快速在洲览器显示无穷的信息而又无需重新加载页面。     

Long RNA-Mediated Chromatin Regulation in Fission Yeast and Mammals

As part of a complex network of genome control, long regulatory RNAs exert significant influences on chromatin dynamics. Understanding how this occurs could illuminate new avenues for disease treatment and lead to new hypotheses that would advance gene regulatory research. Recent studies using the model fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) and powerful parallel sequencing technologies have provided many insights in this area. This review will give an overview of key findings in S. pombe that relate long RNAs to multiple levels of chromatin regulation: histone modifications, gene neighborhood regulation in cis and higher-order chromosomal ordering. Moreover, we discuss parallels recently found in mammals to help bridge the knowledge gap between the study systems.