Study on the yarn compressive stresses at balloon control ring by signal processing

Process monitoring and online control of each process in textile industry has received significant attention nowadays. Yarn tension plays an important role in ring spinning and there are a few methods for real-time measurement of yarn tension. To obtain machine efficient parameters, it is necessary to understand how operating variables determine yarn tension and balloon dynamic stability. In this study, compressive stresses that are acting on the yarn by balloon control ring are investigated by manipulating of signal processing. An experimental set up is devised for capturing and monitoring the signals through of a data acquisition interface. The results show that decreasing the balloon height or increasing the traveler mass will lead to a decrease in compressive forces acting on yarn at balloon control ring. Analysis of variance, Bonferroni test and linear regression methods were used to evaluate the results. The results have been analyzed in the frequency area as well.     

A novel bi-level hierarchy towards available-to-promise in mixed-model assembly line sequencing problems

This article addresses advanced available-to-promise (AATP) in mixed-model assembly line sequencing problems. In the developed framework, customers are prioritized with respect to 11 defined criteria using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, and order quantities are calculated using a nonlinear mathematical program. Next, a mixed binary nonlinear mathematical program is developed to determine the optimum sequence of the optimized order quantities to minimize the total lateness. Since the proposed models are intractable, a hybrid genetic algorithm–simulated annealing method is also developed. Finally, an industrial case study is reported, the results of which validate the developed AATP framework.     

Different milk feeding intensities during the first 4 weeks of rearing dairy calves: Part 2: Effects on the metabolic and endocrine status during calfhood and around the first lactation

Feeding dairy calves at high intensity has been demonstrated to increase milk yield in later life. We investigated the effect of 3 different feeding regimens in the preweaning period on the metabolic and endocrine status during calfhood and in heifers at the onset of the first lactation. In trial 1, 57 German Holstein calves were allocated to 3 different feeding groups: milk replacer restricted to 6.78 kg/calf per day, 11.5% solids (MR-res, n = 20), milk replacer 13.8% solids, ad libitum (MR-ad lib, n = 17), and whole milk ad libitum (WM-ad lib, n = 20). All calves received ad libitum colostrum for 3 d postnatal (p.n.). From d 4 to 27, all calves were fed according to their respective feeding regimen, resulting in average intakes of 6.38, 9.25, and 9.47 kg/d in MR-res, MR-ad lib, and WM-ad lib, respectively. Thereafter, all calves were fed according to the MR-res regimen until weaning at d 55 (gradually until d 69 p.n.). Blood samples were collected on d 0 before colostrum intake and on d 1, 3, 11, 22, 34, 43, 52, 70, 90, and 108 p.n. Liver biopsies were taken on d 19 and 100, and on d 22, 52, and 108 p.n. intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed. The male calves (n = 8 to 10 per group) underwent also an insulin tolerance test on d 24, 54, and 110 p.n. The females (n = 28) from trial 1 were further reared and bred as common practice, and were enrolled in trial 2 when beginning the last trimester of pregnancy. Blood samples were collected monthly antepartum starting 91 d before calving and weekly (0–70 d) postpartum. Trial 1 was subdivided into 4 phases (P): P0 (d 0–1), P1 (d 2–27), P2 (d 28–69), and P3 (d 70–110 p.n.). In trial 1, the leptin and adiponectin concentrations increased with colostrum intake. Differences in fatty acids, insulin, adiponectin, revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI), and variables from the glucose tolerance tests were largely limited to P1. The MR-res group had greater RQUICKI and fatty acid values, and lower insulin and, as a trend, adiponectin concentrations than in 1 or both ad lib groups. These differences were partly sustained in P2 (fatty acids, adiponectin, and RQUICKI) and in P3 (adiponectin). The hepatic mRNA abundance of the gluconeogenic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvatcarboxylase increased from d 19 to 100. None of the blood variables were different between the groups when tested in pregnancy and lactation. Our results do not support a sustained deflection of metabolic regulation by rearing at different feeding intensities; nevertheless, the differences observed during rearing might influence nutrient utilization in later life or the cellular development of organs, such as the mammary gland, and thereby affect milk yield. Further studies involving greater animal numbers and, thus, improved power will help to sort out the mechanisms of programming body function in later life via nutrition in early life.     

A new data analysis technique to examine crack tip opening angle values tested in API X65 pipe steel

This paper presents a new data analysis technique to rapidly identify the region of stable crack growth in crack tip opening angle (CTOA) testing of a modified double cantilever beam. The technique basically used the load–displacement data from CTOA testing on API X65 steel, which demonstrated a region of constant slope after the peak load. In total, 22 data points (out of 90) fell in this region, for which the variation of CTOA versus crack length remained almost constant. The CTOA measurement was conducted from crack edges and from a fine reference grid, using photographs from two cameras in front and rear sides of the CTOA specimen. As the visual analysis of the individual photographs is tedious and rather lengthy, the presented technique can be easily used for rapid and precise identification of the mean CTOA from those data in the constant slope region of the load–displacement plot.     

Application of central composite design to model the color yield of six diazo direct dyes on cotton fabric

This paper describes the modeling of the color yield of six direct diazo dyes on cotton fabric through central composite design, which is an efficient experimental design. The factors chosen for the model were dye concentration, electrolyte (sodium chloride) concentration, dye bath temperature, dyeing time, and liqor ratio. Five levels were considered for each factor. Color yield (F_k ) was taken as the response. Box–Cox transformation was employed to optimize the models. Each dye was represented by a model. The models showed a good fit. Finally a series of conditions of the factors leading to optimum response (F_k ) were identified.     

Query optimization in information integration

The problem of decentralized data sharing, which is relevant to a wide range of applications, is still a source of major theoretical and practical challenges, in spite of many years of sustained research. In this paper we focus on the challenge of efficiency of query evaluation in information integration systems that use the global-as-view approach, with the objective of developing query-processing strategies that would be widely applicable and easy to implement in real-life applications. Our algorithms take into account important features of today’s data sharing applications: XML as likely interface or representation for data sources; the potential for information overlap across data sources; and the need for inter-source processing, as in joins of data across sources. The focus of this paper is on performance-related characteristics of several alternative approaches that we propose for efficient query processing in information integration, including an approach that uses materialized restructured views. We use synthetic and real-life datasets in our implementation of an information integration system shell to provide experimental results that demonstrate that our algorithms are efficient and competitive in the information integration setting. In addition, our experimental results allow us to make context-specific recommendations on selecting query-processing approaches from our proposed alternatives. As such, our approaches could form a basis for scalable query processing in information integration and interoperability in many practical settings.     

采用原始结构的上下文知识对手写体数字串进行分割和识别

首先,本文提出了采用原始结构的上下文知识对非限制手写体数字串进行分割和识别。开发的新算法在数字串图像中确定特征点,以产生可能的分割假设。一种原始的识别图表利用分割假设的空间。分割假设的估算采用新颖的评价图表,以改善系统的分离物阻割。文中的原始算法试图通过搜索来获取分割假设的总数,并寻找最高的分割／识别可信度。NIST NSTRING SD19和CENPARMI数据库用作估算本方法。实验显示,在分割中采用适当的上下文知识可以极大地改善系统的特性。在手写体数字串中,采用神经网络和支持向量机分类器,我们的系统可分别获取95．28％和96．42％的正确识别率。     

Biogenic amines: Concentrations in serum and skeletal muscle from late pregnancy until early lactation in dairy cows with high versus normal body condition score

Biogenic amines (BA) are a class of nitrogenous compounds that are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, but their role in transition cows is poorly understood. Our objectives were to describe the longitudinal changes of BA in serum and in skeletal muscle during the transition period and to characterize temporal responses of BA in relation to body condition score (BCS) of periparturient dairy cows. Fifteen weeks before calving, 36 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to 2 groups (n = 18 per group) that were fed differently to reach either high [HBCS; net energy for lactation (NE_L) = 7.2 MJ/kg of dry matter (DM)] or normal BCS (NBCS; NE_L = 6.8 MJ/kg of DM) at dry-off. The targeted BCS and back fat thickness (BFT) at dry-off (HBCS, >3.75 and >1.4 cm; NBCS, <3.5 and <1.2 cm) were reached. Thereafter, both groups were fed identical diets. Blood samples and muscle (semitendinosus) biopsies were collected at d ?49, +3, +21, and +84 relative to parturition. In serum and skeletal muscle, BA concentrations were measured using a targeted metabolomics assay. The data were analyzed as a repeated measure using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The serum concentrations of most BA (i.e., creatinine, taurine, carnosine putrescine, spermine, α-aminoadipic acid, acetylornithine, kynurenine, serotonin, hydroxyproline, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and symmetric dimethylarginine) fluctuated during the transition period, while others (i.e., spermidine, phenylethylamine) did not change with time. The muscle concentrations of BA remained unchanged over time. Creatinine had the highest concentrations in the serum, while carnosine had the highest concentration among the muscle BA. The serum concentrations of creatinine (d +21), putrescine (d +84), α-aminoadipic acid (d +3), and hydroxyproline (d +21) were or tended to be higher for HBCS compared with NBCS postpartum. The serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (d ?49) and acetylornithine (d +84) were or tended to be lower for HBCS compared with NBCS, respectively. The serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio was greater with HBCS than with NBCS (d +84). Compared with NBCS, HBCS was associated with lower muscle concentrations of carnosine, but those of hydroxyproline were higher (d ?49). In both serum and muscle, the asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations were greater with HBCS than with NBCS (d ?49). No correlation was found between serum and skeletal muscle BA. This study indicates that overconditioning of dairy cows may influence serum and muscle BA concentrations in the periparturient period.     

Sol–gel auto combustion synthesis of BaFe18O27 nanostructures for adsorptive desulfurization of liquid fuels

In this work, for the first time, W-type barium ferrite nanostructures (BaFe₁₈O₂₇) were synthesized by sol–gel auto combustion method. The role of the calcination temperature and the type of sugar were investigated on the basis of their morphology and the size of the particles. The obtained products were characterized by Electron microscopy (EM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) is one of the most promising complementary and alternative methods. To evaluate the ADS reactivity over the W-ferrite, a series of ADS experiments with a model gasoline feedstock were performed using a fixed-bed reactor. The results of catalytic tests reveals that BaFe₁₈O₂₇ nanoparticles have the potential to be used as a new absorptive for desulfurization of liquid fuels. 0.5 g BaFe₁₈O₂₇ exhibited the highest ADS properties. This ferrite was successfully regenerated after calcining at 500 °C in air.     

Probing Membrane Viscosity and Interleaflet Friction of Supported Lipid Bilayers by Tracking Electrostatically Adsorbed,Nano‐Sized Vesicles

Particle tracking is used to measure the diffusional motion of nanosized (≈100 nm), lipid vesicles that are electrostatically adsorbed onto a solid supported lipid bilayer. It is found that the motion of membrane‐adhering vesicles is Brownian and depends inversely on the vesicle size, but is insensitive to the vesicle surface charge. The measured diffusivity agrees well with the Evans–Sackmann model for the diffusion of inclusions in supported, fluidic membranes. The agreement implies that the vesicle motion is coupled to that of a nanoscopic lipid cluster in the upper leaflet, which slides over the lower leaflet. The diffusivity of membrane‐adhering vesicles is therefore predominantly governed by the interleaflet friction coefficient, while the diffusivity of single lipids is mainly governed by the membrane viscosity. Combined with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis, the interleaflet friction coefficient and the membrane viscosity are determined by applying the Evans–Sackmann model to the measured diffusivity of membrane adhering vesicles and that of supported membrane lipids. This approach provides an alternative to existing methods for measuring the interleaflet friction coefficient and the membrane viscosity.