Preparation of alginate/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) semi‐interpenetrating and fully interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels with γ‐ray irradiation and their swelling behaviors

Semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) and fully interpenetrating polymer network (full‐IPN) hydrogels composed of alginate and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) were prepared with γ‐ray irradiation. The semi‐IPN hydrogels were prepared through the irradiation of a mixed solution composed of alginate and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) monomer to simultaneously achieve the polymerization and self‐crosslinking of NIPAAm. The full‐IPN hydrogels were formed through the immersion of the semi‐IPN film in a calcium‐ion solution. The results for the swelling and deswelling behaviors showed that the swelling ratio of semi‐IPN hydrogels was higher than that of full‐IPN hydrogels. A semi‐IPN hydrogel containing more alginate exhibited relatively rapid swelling and deswelling rates, whereas a full‐IPN hydrogel showed an adverse tendency. All the hydrogels with NIPAAm exhibited a change in the swelling ratio around 30–40°C, and full‐IPN hydrogels showed more sensitive and reversible behavior than semi‐IPN hydrogels under a stepwise stimulus. In addition, the swelling ratio of the hydrogels continuously increased with the pH values, and the swelling processes were proven to be repeatable with pH changes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4439–4446, 2006     

Characterization and preparation of new multiwall carbon nanotube/conducting polymer composites by in situ polymerization

Composites based on poly(diphenyl amine) (PDPA) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization through two different approaches: in situ polymerization and intimate mixing. In in situ polymerization, DPA was polymerized in the presence of dispersed MWNTs in sulfuric acid medium for different molar composition ratios of MWNT and DPA. Intimate mixing of synthesized PDPA with MWNT was also used for the preparation of PDPA/MWNT composites. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the diameter of the tubular structure for the composite was 10–20 nm higher than the diameter of pure MWNT. Scanning electron microscopy provided evidence for the differences in the morphology between the MWNTs and the composites. Raman and Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the composites and reveal the differences in the molecular level interactions between the components in the composites. The Raman and FTIR spectral results revealed doping‐type molecular interactions and coordinate covalent‐type interactions between MWNT and PDPA in the composite prepared by in situ polymerization and intimate mixing, respectively. The backbone structure of PDPA in the composite decomposed at a higher temperature (>340°C) than the pristine PDPA (～300°C). This behavior also favored the molecular level interactions between MWNT and PDPA in the composite. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3721–3729, 2006     

Preparation and characterization of eugenol‐grafted chitosan hydrogels and their antioxidant activities

The hydrogels composed of chitosan and eugenol were prepared to enhance and sustain antioxidant activities. The vinyl groups of eugenol monomer were directly grafted on the amino groups of chitosan, using ceric ammonium nitrate. The graft of eugenol onto chitosan was confirmed by using Fourier‐transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Results from the swelling behavior, thermal stability, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction revealed that the equilibrium water content decreased with increase of graft yields, because of the hydrophobicity of eugenol, although the introduction of eugenol as a side chain disturbed the ordered arrangement of chitosan's crystalline structure. The eugenol‐grafted chitosan hydrogels showed lower pH sensitivity in comparison with chitosan alone, because the amino groups, which were pH sensitive, of chitosan were grafted with eugenol. The scavenging activity of the tested hydrogels increased with graft yield of eugenol, because phenolic groups in the eugenol could play a major role as potent free‐radical terminators, in the results of improved antioxidant activity in eugenol‐grafted chitosan hydrogel in comparison with chitosan alone. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99:3500–3506, 2006     

铬酸酐电合成过程中工作电压的变化

引言 铬酸酐主要用于电镀、作氧化剂、水溶性木材防腐剂、制铬盐、着色玻璃等,是一种重要的化工产品,近年发展相当迅速[1].其传统生产工艺中的Na2Cr2O7-H2SO4间歇熔融法、外热连续法、 自热连续法、湿法等技术[2],都不可避免地存在NaHSO4污染产品、铬流失、污染环境等问题.发展前景看好的是有绿色技术之称的电合成法[3, 4],正在竞相研发中[5],其基础研究亟待进行.本文从工程角度研究了铬酸酐电合成过程中工作电压的变化规律.     

400t级大型钢锭的凝固过程模拟及试制

利用 Procast 软件包对大型钢锭凝固过程进行计算机模拟,确定合理的铸造工艺。通过对实际生产的大型钢锭进行解剖分析,没有发现宏观缩孔疏松缺陷,表明工艺设计合理,生产的钢锭满足使用要求。     

基于激光测距的自动防撞系统方案设计

利用Matlab/Simulink软件对汽车仿真系统进行建模,模拟当汽车行驶过程中遇到障碍物情况下,驾驶员未及时采取防御措施时,对汽车的自动防撞系统进行仿真,给出了系统的工作过程中行车与障碍物的距离与行车速度的仿真图形。结果表明：该系统对降低汽车碰撞发生率与碰撞造成的交通损失具有理论可行性。     

A reverse engineering approach to generate a virtual plant model for PLC simulation

A reverse engineering approach to generate a virtual plant model is proposed. The model can be used for programmable logical controller (PLC) simulation. The virtual plant model for the PLC simulation consists of virtual device models and must interact with the input and output signals of a PLC. The behavior of a virtual device model should be the same as that of real device. Conventionally, the discrete event system specifications (DEVS) formalism has been used to represent the behavior of a virtual device model. Modeling using DEVS formalism, however, requires in-depth knowledge of the simulation area, as well as a significant amount of time and effort. One of the key ideas of the proposed methodology is to provide a method to generate a virtual plant model using both log data (time-stamped signal history) and a PLC I/O signal table extracted from the existing production system. The proposed reverse engineering approach provides two major benefits: (1) significant reduction in the time and effort for the construction of a reliable virtual plant model of a current production system, which can be referenced for newly planned production systems, and (2) reduction in the stabilization time of a production system through PLC simulation. The proposed approach was implemented and applied to an automated production line.     

Distributed collaborative response surface method for mechanical dynamic assembly reliability design

Because of the randomness of many impact factors influencing the dynamic assembly relationship of complex machinery, the reliability analysis of dynamic assembly relationship needs to be accomplished considering the randomness from a probabilistic perspective. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of dynamic assembly relationship reliability analysis, the mechanical dynamic assembly reliability（MDAR） theory and a distributed collaborative response surface method（DCRSM） are proposed. The mathematic model of DCRSM is established based on the quadratic response surface function, and verified by the assembly relationship reliability analysis of aeroengine high pressure turbine（HPT） blade-tip radial running clearance（BTRRC）. Through the comparison of the DCRSM, traditional response surface method（RSM） and Monte Carlo Method（MCM）, the results show that the DCRSM is not able to accomplish the computational task which is impossible for the other methods when the number of simulation is more than 100 000 times, but also the computational precision for the DCRSM is basically consistent with the MCM and improved by 0.40-4.63% to the RSM, furthermore, the computational efficiency of DCRSM is up to about 188 times of the MCM and 55 times of the RSM under 10000 times simulations. The DCRSM is demonstrated to be a feasible and effective approach for markedly improving the computational efficiency and accuracy of MDAR analysis. Thus, the proposed research provides the promising theory and method for the MDAR design and optimization, and opens a novel research direction of probabilistic analysis for developing the high-performance and high-reliability of aeroengine.     

开放式环境非接触低分辨率采集下的掌纹识别

提出一种开放式环境下、非接触采集下的掌纹识别算法.采用一种低分辨率的普通摄像头进行掌纹图像采集,人手只需自然张开、中指竖直向上放在摄像头前一定范围内.首先建立肤色模型将人手从复杂背景中提取出来;然后提出一种简单有效的关键点定位算法找到指根点,并以此建立坐标系提取掌纹ROI;接着提出一种基于统计的纹理基元算法进行掌纹特征提取,该算法不用对掌纹ROI进行归一化,计算速度较快并且对光照具有一定的鲁棒性;最后利用余弦相似度进行特征匹配实现掌纹识别.在自建的小型掌纹图像库上进行了相应的识别实验,实验结果表明所提出的算法能够在动态环境下达到理想的识别效果.所开发的实验系统能够快速实现掌纹图像采集与识别,适合在线实时系统应用.     

Qualitative verification of the dispersion level in nano-composite and its application to YD-128/MWCNT composite to assess the wear characteristics with respect to the dispersion level

We analyzed the wear characteristics according to dispersion level of MWCNT in YD-128/MWCNT composite. Specimens for this study were fabricated using mechanical stirrer after blending of YD-128 and MWCNT. To change the dispersion level, the mixture of YD-128/MWCNT was stirred using mechanical stirrer during different times, such as, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Because the direct measuring of dispersion level is difficult in the case of solid composite, we suggest an indirect method for checking qualitatively the dispersion level as follows. Firstly, using the AEH (asymptotic expansion homogenization) in-house code, we analyzed numerically the mechanical stiffness of composite using RVEs (representative volume elements) which are modeled with different dispersion level. According to the numerical results of RVEs, we verified that the mechanical stiffness is higher as the dispersion degree is better. Then, through the experimental tensile test of the fabricated specimens using UTM, we obtained that the mechanical stiffness is higher as the stirring time is longer. Consequently, we could ensure that the dispersion degree of the fabricated specimens is better as the mechanical stirring time is longer. Finally, we assessed the wear test using abrading machine with fabricated specimens. We confirmed that the abrasion loss is decreased according to the increasing of dispersion degree in the case of YD-128/MWCNT composites.