Study on induced work-function variation of titanium metal gate on various electrical parameters for delta-doped layer germanium source vertical tunnel FET

Journal of Computational Electronics - Workfunction variation (WFV) in a high-k/titanium metal gate stack vertical tunnel field-effect transistor (FET) with a delta-doped layer in the germanium...     

Influence of highly dispersible silica filler on the physical properties,tearing energy,and abrasion resistance of tire tread compound

Rubber industry is facing a stiff challenge in the years to come. There are rising price for fossil fuel and shortage of resources. There is more stringent legislation to protect the environment and reduce the emission. Filler plays an important role in imparting useful properties to rubber products. In this article, the effects of new generation filler, on the physical properties, tearing energy, and abrasion resistance were investigated. The new generation filler, highly dispersible silica, has a dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption value of more than 180cc 100 g⁻¹, more branched structure and relatively higher amount of small aggregates. Four different loadings of silica (up to 45 phr) were investigated. With increasing filler loading, the tensile strength and modulus at 300% elongation increased and the elongation-at-break decreased. The rebound resilience decreased and tan delta value improved with increasing silica content. The abradability continuously decreased with concomitant increase in the side coefficient force. The fatigue resistance was found to be better at higher silica loading. The silica particles due to its surface structure helps in crack arresting. The abradibility was related to tearing energy, loss modulus, and breaking energy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47560.     

Improved tire tread compounds using functionalized styrene butadiene rubber-silica filler/hybrid filler systems

Automotive industry is currently looking for an eco-friendly tire with low rolling resistance coefficient (RRc), better traction, wear resistance, and fatigue properties. Presently, solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR)-silica systems are pursued for balancing between traction and RRc. However, the interaction between SSBR and silica is not enough to give satisfactory results. Functionalized-SSBR (FSSBR) leads to better rubber-silica interaction due to introduction of polar groups in the polymer chain. The present study investigates the influence of FSSBR, highly dispersible (HD) silica, and its hybrid filler systems with organically modified nanoclay (ONC) and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelet (xGnP). Both M_H, and Δtorque were higher for the FSSBR-HD silica compound (S1) with the lowest change in storage modulus (∆G') value, due to higher polymer-filler interaction. S1 exhibited 16% ice traction and 12% wet traction improvement with 29% lower rolling resistance over SSBR-silica compound. S1 showed the best wet traction rating and wear resistance. Replacing small portion of silica by ONC and xGnP improved the properties further. At 5 phr of nanofiller, TEM images revealed well-dispersed nanofillers in the FSSBR matrix. The xGnP compound showed the least crack growth. For both the cases, abradability decreased with higher nanofiller amount, due to better reinforcement of the rubber.     

Linearity Performance Analysis Due to Lateral Straggle Variation in Hetero-Stacked TFET

Silicon - In this paper, we examine the impact of variation in the lateral straggle parameter on linearity and reliability performance for the Hetero-stacked TFET. By incorporating hetero-stack in...     

Study of reinforcement mechanism and structural elucidation of expanded graphite-carbon black hybrid filler-SBR nanocomposites through comprehensive analysis of mechanical properties and small angle X-ray data

Use of hybrid fillers as a reinforcing agent for polymers is found to be critical step toward developing a high-performance composite material. However, limited know-how on the nature of interaction of the hybrid fillers with the polymer chains resulted in a major impediment toward large-scale transmissibility of such a technology. Herein, we report about a strategy, wherein the polymer composite (free of curatives), comprising of hybrid filler and its gel was leveraged to effectively understand the physics involved toward reinforcement. Styrene-butadiene random copolymer as the matrix, and combination of expanded graphite and carbon black (N220) as the model hybrid filler were selected. The hybrid filler containing composite (SG22) demonstrated significant improvement in terms of the physico-mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus and so forth compared to the neat carbon black-filled system (S22). Stress-relaxation studies indicated that SG22 registered minimal decay in the force with time compared to S22. SG22 demonstrated a gel fraction of 68 ± 1% while 56 ± 1% was noted for S22. Further, rheometric studies like strain sweep, frequency sweep, complex viscosity of the gel fragments indicated the formation of fractal network of the hybrid fillers inside the polymer matrix. Small angle X-ray studies corroborated the crucial role played by the expanded graphite sheets in determining the microstructure of the composite owing to their lubrication effect and segregation of carbon black agglomerates by cutting through their sharp edges resulting in a well-distributed filler network.     

Mapping of thermoplastic elastomeric nitrile rubber/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends using tapping mode atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy

Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomeric blends of nitrile rubber (NBR)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) were mapped by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology changes with the blend ratio and dynamic vulcanization. Roughness and surface analysis were used to study the effect of dynamic vulcanization and mixing sequence on the surface texture of the thermoplastic elastomeric blends. Surface geometry was quantified by power spectral density (PSD) and fractal analysis.     

Dynamic mechanical properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber: effect of cross-link density,curing system,filler and resin

The effect of cross-link density, curing system, filler and resin on dynamic mechanical properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) is reported. The storage modulus,G, increases and the loss angle, tan , decreases in the plateau zone with cross-link density. At equal cross-link density, the tan peak value at the transition zone of sulphur cured system, is less than that of peroxide cured system. Tan decreases from 90 to 180 °C and increases beyond 180 °C due to post vulcanization reaction and sulphidic linkage cleavage, respectively. The ZSC 2295 resin increasesG and decreases tan , and is found to be compatible with HNBR. The plateau modulus,G, increases with carbon black loading. The tan is lower for high structure carbon black in the transition zone and higher in the plateau zone when the surface area is high.     

On the Functionality and Usefulness of Quadraginta Octants of Naive Sphere

This paper presents a novel study on the functional gradation of coordinate planes in connection with the thinnest and tunnel-free (i.e., naive) discretization of sphere in the integer space. For each of the 48-symmetric quadraginta octants of naive sphere with integer radius and integer center, we show that the corresponding voxel set forms a bijection with its projected pixel set on a unique coordinate plane, which thereby serves as its functional plane. We use this fundamental property to prove several other theoretical results for naive sphere. First, the quadraginta octants form symmetry groups and subgroups with certain equivalent topological properties. Second, a naive sphere is always unique and consists of fewest voxels. Third, it is efficiently constructible from its functional-plane projection. And finally, a special class of 4-symmetric discrete 3D circles can be constructed on a naive sphere based on back projection from the functional plane.     

Electron-beam-initiated grafting of triallyl cyanurate onto polyethylene: Structure and properties

Electron-beam (EB)-initiated grafting of triallyl cyanurate (TAC) onto polyethylene (PE) has been carried out over a range of radiation dose (2–20 Mrad) and concentrations of TAC (0.5–3 parts by weight). The grafting level, as determined from IR spectroscopy, is maximum at a 10 Mrad radiation does using 1 part TAC. With increasing TAC level at a 15 Mrad dose, the grafting level is higher only after 1.5 parts TAC. The gel content increases with radiation dose in the initial stages. X-ray studies indicate two peaks at 10.6–10.8° and 11.7–11.9° and the corresponding interplaner distances of 4.15 and 3.80 Å. With increase in radiation dose or TAC level, the crystallinity decreases in the initial stage and then increases. It shows a decreasing trend again at higher radiation dose. The interplanar distance or the interchain distance of the modified polymer does not change. However, the crystallite size increases initially and then decreases. The tensile properties are relatively insensitive to the variation of radiation dose because of the interplay of various factors. The dielectric loss, tan δ, shows a maximum at a 10 Mrad dose and minimum at 5 and 15 Mrad due to changes of polarity and the carrier mobility. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.