Bibliography of relay literature, 1994 IEEE Committee Report

The latest of a series of classified lists of power system relaying references, begun in 1927, is presented. This bibliography is in continuation to the bibliographies of relay literature which were published previously and are contained in the following volumes of the IEEE Transactions     

Study of hole-entry hybrid journal bearing system considering combined influence of thermal and elastic effects

A theoretical model is developed to study the performance of a hole-entry hybrid journal bearing system by considering variation of viscosity due to temperature rise of the lubricant in the analysis. The deformation of bush due to fluid-film pressure and temperature has been considered to establish the modified fluid-film profile. The journal temperature is computed on the basis of the fluid-film temperature. The relevant governing equations have been solved using the finite element method and a suitable iterative technique. The thermoelastohydrostatic performance of an orifice compensated symmetric and asymmetric hole-entry hybrid journal bearing configurations has been studied for the chosen bearing operating and geometric parameters. The results presented in the study indicate that the variation of viscosity due to temperature rise of the lubricant fluid-film have a quite appreciable influence on the static and dynamic performance of a hole-entry hybrid journal bearing system.     

Development and field testing of an adaptive flicker controller for15-kV systems

An adaptive flicker controller (AFC) device is developed and field tested. The AFC control strategy is described for systems with large and rapidly varying loads connected to a weak feeder. The control algorithm does not require knowledge of system parameters such as line impedance. The algorithm is fast and adaptive to system variations. The AFC is tested in a utility distribution system having a severe voltage flickering problem. The hardware and software required to implement the AFC is discussed. The results of a field test are presented and analyzed     

Adaptive transmission protection: concepts and computational issues

The authors provide a basis for adaptive transmission protection, define the concept, identify its components and illustrate it with simple examples. They concentrate on the software aspects of adaptive transmission protection. They present efficient enhancements to existing, offline algorithms used in relay coordination. The authors present the results of two different approaches, multiprocessing and supercomputing, that they have proposed and investigated with the aim of developing a fast, online tool for computing relay settings in realtime     

A mathematical model for the production of biosurfactants by Pseudomonas aeuginosa CFTR-6: Production of biomass

The fermentation reaction producing biosurfactant using Pseudomonas aeruginosa CFTR-6 was studied. The progress of the bioreaction was monitored in terms of biomass production, product formation and substrate consumption in shake flask experiments using different initial sugar concentrations. A logistic model for biomass growth was found to be satisfactory. Average estimates of the specific growth rate, biomass yield coefficient and maintenance coefficients were obtained.     

Development and Field Testing of an Adaptive Power Factor Controller

The Adaptive Power Factor Controller (APFC) is a device that switches capacitors electronically to achieve almost unity power factor at the point of installation. It was designed and developed at the University of Washington (UW), and is being tested at the R&D facility of the Southern California Edison Company (SCE). It is particularly intended for loads with dynamically varying reactive power demands such as induction generators in wind power stations, or cyclically changing loads such as induction motors in process industries. It is also ideally suited for improving the power factor profile of a distribution line. The purposes of this paper are two-fold: to explain the most recent design of the 50-kVAR APFC and to report the results of the field testing program on the device after it was installed at the terminals of a 50-kW three-phase induction generator located at the Dever Wind R&D site of SCE.     

The Shape of the Normal Work Area in the Horizontal Plane

The dimensions of the normal work area originally proposed by Barnes and modified by Squires were determined for a sample representative of the current United States population. One standard work area is not satisfactory for everyone. More emphasis should be given to movements straight ahead of the worker and less emphasis should be given to movements to the side. Work areas are given for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the male and female United States population.     

Optimization of reaction conditions in selective oxidation of styrene over fine crystallite spinel-type CaFe2O4 complex oxide catalyst

The CaFe₂O₄ spinel-type catalyst was synthesized by citrate gel method and well characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The crystallization temperature of the spinel particle prepared by citrate gel method was 600 °C which was lower than that of ferrite prepared by other methods. CaFe₂O₄ catalysts prepared by citrate gel method show better activity for styrene oxidation in the presence of dilute H₂O₂ (30%) as an oxidizing agent. In this reaction the oxidative cleavage of carbon-carbon double bond of styrene takes place selectively with 38 ± 2 mol% conversion. The major product of the reaction is benzaldehyde up to 91 ± 2 mol% and minor product phenyl acetaldehyde up to 9 ± 2 mol%, respectively. The products obtained in the styrene oxidation reaction were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The influence of the catalyst, reaction time, temperature, amount of catalyst, styrene/H₂O₂ molar ratio and solvents on the conversion and product distribution were studied.