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81.
In the present paper, we investigate the output-controllability and optimal output control problems of a state-dependent switched Boolean control network. By using the semi-tensor product, the algebraic form of the system is obtained. Then, output-controllability problems of the system are discussed and some necessary and sufficient conditions are given. Next, the Mayer-type optimal output control issue is considered and an algorithm is provided to find out the control sequence. At last, an example is given to show the effectiveness of the main results. 相似文献
82.
This study investigated the relationships between thumb muscle activity and thumb operating tasks on a smartphone touch screen with one-hand posture. Six muscles in the right thumb and forearm were targeted in this study, namely adductor pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis (APB), abductor pollicis longus, first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and extensor digitorum. The performance measures showed that the thumb developed fatigue rapidly when tapping on smaller buttons (diameter: 9 mm compared with 3 mm), and moved more slowly in flexion–extension than in adduction–abduction orientation. Meanwhile, the electromyography and perceived exertion values of FDI significantly increased in small button and flexion–extension tasks, while those of APB were greater in the adduction–abduction task. This study reveals that muscle effort among thumb muscles on a touch screen smartphone varies according to the task, and suggests that the use of small touch buttons should be minimised for better thumb performance. 相似文献
83.
The electrochemical reduction of nitrate ion was studied by cyclic voltammetry on Pt(1 1 1) and [n(1 1 1) × (1 1 1)] stepped Pt surfaces, where n (=14, 10, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2) is the number of terrace atoms, in 0.1 M HClO4 + 10 mM KNO3. The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction was found to hardly proceed on Pt(1 1 1) in the hydrogen adsorption region, while the electrocatalytic activity was improved with the increase in the step density. Inactivation was observed in the presence of adsorbed hydrogen or nitrate-derived reduced adsorbate, i.e. adsorbed NO, on (1 1 1) step sites. It was, therefore, concluded that the electrocatalytically active NO3− species does not adsorb on the (1 1 1) terraces but on the (1 1 1) monoatomic steps. The nitrate reduction current increased with the step density in a non-linear relationship. The overall current density at 0.21 V (RHE) corresponding to the peak potential of the main electrocatalytic nitrate reduction wave which was maximum at n = 2, abruptly increased with short terraces, i.e. n < 5, where the current wave of adsorbed hydrogen on the Pt stepped surface with comparatively narrow (1 1 1) terraces, denoted as Hnt, also appeared unmodified for n < 5 on voltammograms recorded in 0.1 M HClO4 in the absence of nitrate. 相似文献
84.
Satoshi lio Masakazu Watanabe Masaru Matsubara Yasushi Matsuo 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1989,72(10):1880-1884
The improvement of mechanical properties of Al2 O3 /SiC whisker composites has been studied with emphasis on the effects of the whisker content and of the hot-pressing temperature. Mechanical properties such as fracture toughness and fracture strength increased with increasing whisker content up to 40 wt%. In the case of the high SiC whisker content of 40 wt%, fracture toughness of the sample hot-pressed at 1900° decreased significantly, in spite of densification, compared with one hot-pressed at 1850°. Fracture toughness strongly depended on the microstructure, especially the distribution of SiC whiskers rather than the grain size of the Al2 O3 matrix. 相似文献
85.
Alexandre Skyrme Noemi RodriguezAuthor VitaeRoberto IerusalimschyAuthor Vitae 《Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing》2014
The two standard models used for communication in concurrent programs, shared memory and message passing, have been the focus of much debate for a long time. Still, we believe the main issue at stake should not be the choice between these models, but rather how to ensure that communication is structured, i.e., it occurs only in syntactically restricted code regions. In this survey, we explore concurrency control models and evaluate how their characteristics contribute positively or negatively to the support for structured communication. We focus the evaluation on three properties: reasonability, which is the main property we are interested in and determines how easily programmers can reason about a concurrent program’s execution; performance, which determines whether there are any distinct features which can prevent or facilitate efficient implementations; and composability, which determines whether a model offers constructs that can be used as building blocks for coarser-grained, or higher-level, concurrency abstractions. 相似文献
86.
Selective nucleation and deposition of diamonds were achieved on an SiO2-patterned Si substrate. The substrate was pre-treated with an electric field in plasma to introduce diamond nuclei. This treatment did not affect the SiO2 area. Consequently, diamonds grew only on the area where Si was exposed under the conventional conditions of diamond growth. The maximum nucleation density on the area of SiO2was about 5 × 107 cm−2. The ratio of the selectivity was 2 × 102 or higher. This process will be useful and very promising for manufacturing diamond electronic devices. 相似文献
87.
Masahiro Tajima Miki Niwa Yasushi Fujii Yutaka Koinuma Reiji Aizawa Satoshi Kushiyama Satoru Kobayashi Koichi Mizuno Hideo Ohuˆchi 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》1997,12(4):1418
The decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the presence of water was examined over a variety of solid acid catalysts. The TiO2ZrO2 catalyst was found to have the highest activity and longest life among the catalysts examined. The activity of the TiO2ZrO2 catalysts depended upon the content of TiO2. At the contents of TiO2 from 58 to 90 mole%, the TiO2ZrO2 catalysts exhibited high activity, and these catalysts were proven to contain TiZrO4 crystal. From the study of the XRD peak intensity of the TiZrO4 crystal, it was highest on the TZ-58 which contained 58 mole% of TiO2, and decreased with increasing the content of TiO2. Furthermore, the conversion of CFC113 measured at 673 K was highest at TZ-58, and decreased gradually with increasing TiO2 content. Therefore, the TiZrO4 crystal influences the activity of decomposition of CFC113. However, the TiO2ZrO2 catalyst was gradually deactivated during the reaction due to the elimination of titanium atoms. A good relationship was found between the activity on TiO2ZrO2 catalyst and bond energy of CCl in the compounds of chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorocarbons, suggesting that the rate controlling step was the cleavage of CCl bond. 相似文献
88.
The catalytic dehydro-aromatization reaction over Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst was drastically stabilized by the co-addition of 5.4%
H2 and 1.8% H2O to methane feed at 750 °C, 0.3 MPa and methane space velocity of 3000 mL g−1 h−1, suppressing the coke formation effectively, compared with single hydrogen or steam addition. 相似文献
89.
Novel image fusion scheme based on dependency measure for robust multispectral palmprint recognition
Multispectral palmprint is considered as an effective biometric modality to accurately recognize a subject with high confidence. This paper presents a novel multispectral palmprint recognition system consisting of three functional blocks namely: (1) novel technique to extract Region of Interest (ROI) from the hand images acquired using a contact less sensor (2) novel image fusion scheme based on dependency measure (3) new scheme for feature extraction and classification. The proposed ROI extraction scheme is based on locating the valley regions between fingers irrespective of the hand pose. We then propose a novel image fusion scheme that combines information from different spectral bands using a Wavelet transform from various sub-bands. We then perform the statistical dependency analysis between these sub-bands to perform fusion either by selection or by weighted fusion. To effectively process the information from the fused image, we perform feature extraction using Log-Gabor transform whose feature dimension is reduced using Kernel Discriminant Analysis (KDA) before performing the classification by employing a Sparse Representation Classifier (SRC). Extensive experiments are carried out on a CASIA multispectral palmprint database that shows the strong superiority of our proposed fusion scheme when benchmarked with contemporary state-of-the-art image fusion schemes. 相似文献
90.
Bin Liu Haojie LiAuthor VitaeXianyong JiaAuthor Vitae Xu ZhaoAuthor VitaeZhaoliang LiuAuthor Vitae Qiaochu ZhaoAuthor VitaeHanwei ZhangAuthor Vitae 《Computers & Electrical Engineering》2014
In this paper, a rapid and automatic color image segmentation method for the serialized slices of the Visible Human is proposed. The main strategy is based on region growing and pixel color difference. A rapid color similarity computing method is improved and applied for classifying different pixels. An algorithm based on corrosion from four directions is proposed to automatically extract the seed points for the serialized slices. Utilizing this method, the color slice images of the Visible Human body can be segmented in series automatically. Also, the multithreading frame of parallel computing is introduced in the entire segmentation process. This method is simple but rapid and automatic. The primary organs of the Visible Human can be segmented clearly and accurately. The 3D models of these organs after 3D reconstruction are satisfactory. This novel method can provide support to the Visible Human research. 相似文献