Effect of diet on the fatty acid and molecular species composition of dog retina phospholipids

Dogs were born to mothers fed commercial diets low or enriched in n-3 fatty acids and raised on those diets until they were about 50 d old. Retinas were removed, lipids were extracted, and total phospholipids were analyzed for fatty acid and molecular species composition. Animals from the low n-3 group had significantly lower retinal levels of 22:6n-3 and higher levels of n-6 fatty acids, especially 20:4n-6 and 22:5n-6. There was no difference in the retinal levels of 18:2n-6, and only small differences were found in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The most dramatic differences in molecular species occurred in 22:6n-3-22:6n-3 (4.7 vs. 0.8%) and 18:0-22:6n-3 (27.6 vs. 14.4%); total molecular species containing 22:6n-3 were significantly lower in the low n-3 group (45.5 vs. 24.0%). Molecular species containing 20:4n-6 and 22:5n-6 were greater in the low n-3 animals (13.0 vs. 25.7%), as were molecular species containing only saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (40.8 vs. 35.4%). These results show that modest differences in the amount of n-3 fatty acids in the diets of dogs can have profound effects on the fatty acid and molecular species composition of their retinas.     

Effect of arachis oil on the conservation of heavily wilted herbage ensiled in plastic containers. II. Fate of the arachis oil and its effect on the rumen volatile fatty acids of sheep

Arachis oil was added to heavily wilted ryegrass at a mean level of 4 · 16 % of the total ensiled dry matter. Gas-liquid chromatography of the lipid extract was used to investigate possible chemical changes in the ensiled oil. The data obtained suggest that little degradation of the acids occurred. The percentage of linolenic acid increased and this was accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of linoleic acid and oleic acid. The presence of the oil decreased the volatile fatty acid content of the silage. There were no significant differences in the pH or the proportion of volatile fatty acids present in the rumen liquor of sheep fed the oil-treated silage compared with those in the rumen liquor of sheep fed control silage.     

Effect of staphylococcal alpha-toxin pancreatitis on glucose tolerance in the dog

Acute pancreatitis was experimentally produced in dogs to study the effect of the disease on glucose tolerance. The k value (glucose disappearance coefficient measured in percentage decrease of glucose/min) calculated from the high-dose intravenous glucose-tolerance test was used to evaluate the glucose tolerance of each dog. Thirty dogs were allotted to 3 groups of 10 dogs each as follows: group I--nonsurgical control dogs; group II--surgical control dogs; and group III--pancreatitis-affected dogs. To increase their susceptibility to diabetes, 50% partial pancreatectomies and ductal catheterizations were performed on group II and III dogs. Saline solution was infused into the ductal systems of group II dogs, and staphylococcal alphatoxin was infused into the ductal systems of group III dogs to produce pancreatitis. The results indicated that (1) high-dose intravenous glucose-tolerance test was an effective tool for determining decreased glucose tolerance in dogs; (2) glucose tolerance of group III dogs was markedly decreased compared with that of group I and II dogs; (3) staphylococcal alpha-toxin produced signs of moderately severe pancreatitis; and (4) 50% partial pancreatectomy and saline solution infusion produced clinical and clinicopathologic signs of mild pancreatitis. To determine if a simplified k value (calculated using 2 or 3 blood samples) could closely approximate the standard k value (calculated using 6 blood samples), simplified k values were derived from the 5- and 60-minute blood sample values. These values closely approximated the standard k values, indicating the simplified value may be used in the clinical situation. The standard k value, however, is preferred for investigative work.     

MOSFET's in the 0°K approximation: Static characteristics of MOSFET's in the 0°K approximation

The static electrical characteristics below current saturation of MOSFET's with degenerate source and drain regions are calculated for operation at 0°K. The expression for current takes the same form as at room temperature although the flat-band voltage and the voltage across the depletion region at threshold are altered slightly. Potential hills occur in the channel if the gate does not overlap source and drain or if the oxide thickness is increased in the overlap regions. Although these barriers do not affect operation appreciably at room temperature, at 0°K a finite drain voltage (source-drain threshold voltage) is required to initiate conduction. This threshold voltage is included in the theory and the theory is compared with experimental results on p-channel enhancement mode MOSFET's at 4·2°K using hole mobility in the channel as a matching parameter. The channel hole mobility (assumed constant along the channel) is found to be relatively independent of gate voltage but to increase with increasing (negative) drain voltage. Values ranging between 500 and 1000 cm²/V-sec are deduced for drain voltages ranging from ?1·2 V to ?7 V. This compares to channel hole mobility values of 200–300 cm²/V-sec at room temperature. It is found that the channel width is on the order of 30–50 Å—appreciably less than that at room temperature.     

Subsurface burnout mechanisms in gallium arsenide (GAAS) electronic devices

This paper reviews the present knowledge on subsurface burnout mechanisms in Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) electronic devices. The results of the work should assist in the creation of more reliable devices with greater radiation hardness.     

On the calculation of the U-value of walls containing slotted bricks or blocks

The thermal transmittance of walls containing slotted bricks or blocks has been studied using a finite element computer program. The results are compared with conventional calculation methods, and a new manual method based on a more realistic model of heat flow in slotted blocks is proposed.     

Continuous ion exchange using magnetic shell resins. II. Dealkalisation—pilot plant study

From the results obtained in the treatment of a number of hard, alkaline feed waters in a pilot scale dealkalisation plant, it has been shown that the use of a magnetic carboxylic acid resin in a fluidised bed has definite advantages over conventional systems. Less resin is needed and simpler plants can handle the same throughput of raw water whilst maintaining the same quality of product. Plant operation is truely continuous without any complex valve system or pressurised vessels.     

Promise-of-treatment as an opening strategy for psychotherapy.

Contends that withholding of explicit, formal treatment until after S's completion of experimental and information-gathering ordeals is an opening tactic for psychotherapy that potentiates both a course and a conclusion for the therapeutic process. The benefits of the promise-of-treatment strategy include removal of "failure" from the initial process, ability to assess and intensify client motivation, and possible eliciting of the placebo effect. Clients may be asked to delay treatment until the best one is formulated. Covertly therapeutic tasks (e.g., testing conventional cures, attempting personal solutions, rehearsing symptoms, reframing, slowly developing insight, pretending to be cured, pretending to be sick, spontaneously changing, gathering information) allow the client to do something different and to make a change for the better. Case examples of a 40-yr-old female binge eater, a 20-yr-old male with a sleep disorder, and a 15-yr-old compulsive face scratcher are presented to illustrate the promise-of-treatment strategy. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The detection of sodium vapor bubble collapse in a liquid metal fast breeder reactor

Sodium boiling detection utilizing the sound pressure emanated during the collapse of a sodium vapor bubble in a subcooled media is discussed in terms of the sound characteristic, the reactor ambient noise background, transmission loss considerations and performance criteria. Data obtained in several loss of flow experiments on Fast Test Reactor Fuel Elements indicate that the collapse of the sodium vapor bubble depends on the presence of a subcooled structure or sodium. The collapse pressure pulse was observed in all cases to be on the order of a kPa, indicating a soft type of cavitational collapse. Spectral examination of the pulses indicates the response function of the test structure and geometry is important. The sodium boiling observed in these experiments was observed to occur at a low (<50°C) liquid superheat with the rate of occurrence of sodium vapor bubble collapse in the 3 to 30 Hz range. Reactor ambient noise data were found to be due to machinery induced vibrations, flow induced vibrations, and flow noise. These data were further found to be weakly stationary enhancing the possibility of acoustic surveillance of an operating Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor. Based on these noise characteristics and extrapolating the noise measurements from the Fast Flux Test Facility Pump (FFTP), one would expect a signal to noise ratio of up to 20 dB in the absence of transmission loss. The requirement of a low false alarm probability is shown to necessitate post detection analysis of the collapse event sequence and the cross correlation with the second derivative of the neutronic boiling detection signal. Sodium boiling detection using the sounds emitted during sodium vapor bubble collapse are shown to be feasible but a need for in-reactor demonstration is necessary.