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排序方式: 共有246条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Christina Rosman Sebastien Pierrat Andreas Henkel Marco Tarantola David Schneider Eva Sunnick Andreas Janshoff Carsten Sönnichsen 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,8(23):3683-3690
Toxicological effects of nanoparticles are associated with their internalization into cells. Hence, there is a strong need for techniques revealing the interaction between particles and cells as well as quantifying the uptake at the same time. For that reason, herein optical dark‐field microscopy is used in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy to investigate the uptake of gold nanoparticles into epithelial cells with respect to shape, stabilizing agent, and surface charge. The number of internalized particles is strongly dependent on the stabilizing agent, but not on the particle shape. A test of metabolic activity shows no direct correlation with the number of internalized particles. Therefore, particle properties besides coating and shape are suspected to contribute to the observed toxicity. 相似文献
62.
Mandin Philippe Hamburger Jérôme Bessou Sebastien Picard Gérard 《Electrochimica acta》2005,51(6):1140-1156
During industrial electrolysis, for hydrogen, dichloride or aluminium production, there is bubbles creation at one or two electrodes which imply a great hydrodynamic acceleration but also a quite important electrical field disturbance. This disturbance can lead to the modification of the local current density and to anode effects for example. There is few works concerning the local modelling of coupled electro active species transport and electrochemical processes in a biphasic electrolyte. There are also few local experimental measurements in term of chemical composition, temperature or current density which would allow the numerical calculations validation. Nevertheless, effects like the anode effect, particularly expensive on the point of the process efficiency, should need a better understanding. Nowadays, the respective roles of the local temperature increases, the electro active specie composition or the transport properties modification due to bubbles are not known.The goal of the present work is the modelling and the numerical simulation of the vertical electrode configuration for a biphasic electrolysis process. Bubbles presence is supposed to modify the electrical properties, and then the electro active species diffusive transport and the current density. Bubbles are also motion sources for the electrolysis cell flow, and then hydrodynamic properties are strongly coupled with species transport and electrical field. The present work shows hydrodynamic and electrical properties in a laboratory scale electrolysis cell with a vertical electrode. The numerical algorithm used was the finite volume used in the computational fluid dynamic software Fluent®. 相似文献
63.
Mahdi Zamani Giulio Imbalzano Nicolas Tappy Duncan T. L. Alexander Sara Martí-Sánchez Lea Ghisalberti Quentin M. Ramasse Martin Friedl Gözde Tütüncüoglu Luca Francaviglia Sebastien Bienvenue Cécile Hébert Jordi Arbiol Michele Ceriotti Anna Fontcuberta i Morral 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(38):2001030
The nature of the liquid–solid interface determines the characteristics of a variety of physical phenomena, including catalysis, electrochemistry, lubrication, and crystal growth. Most of the established models for crystal growth are based on macroscopic thermodynamics, neglecting the atomistic nature of the liquid–solid interface. Here, experimental observations and molecular dynamics simulations are employed to identify the 3D nature of an atomic-scale ordering of liquid Ga in contact with solid GaAs in a nanowire growth configuration. An interplay between the liquid ordering and the formation of a new bilayer is revealed, which, contrary to the established theories, suggests that the preference for a certain polarity and polytypism is influenced by the atomic structure of the interface. The conclusions of this work open new avenues for the understanding of crystal growth, as well as other processes and systems involving a liquid–solid interface. 相似文献
64.
Michał Studniarek Ufuk Halisdemir Filip Schleicher Beata Taudul Etienne Urbain Samy Boukari Marie Hervé Charles‐Henri Lambert Abbass Hamadeh Sebastien Petit‐Watelot Olivia Zill Daniel Lacour Loïc Joly Fabrice Scheurer Guy Schmerber Victor Da Costa Anant Dixit Pierre André Guitard Manuel Acosta Florian Leduc Fadi Choueikani Edwige Otero Wulf Wulfhekel François Montaigne Elmer Nahuel Monteblanco Jacek Arabski Philippe Ohresser Eric Beaurepaire Wolfgang Weber Mébarek Alouani Michel Hehn Martin Bowen 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(19)
Materials science and device studies have, when implemented jointly as “operando” studies, better revealed the causal link between the properties of the device's materials and its operation, with applications ranging from gas sensing to information and energy technologies. Here, as a further step that maximizes this causal link, the paper focuses on the electronic properties of those atoms that drive a device's operation by using it to read out the materials property. It is demonstrated how this method can reveal insight into the operation of a macroscale, industrial‐grade microelectronic device on the atomic level. A magnetic tunnel junction's (MTJ's) current, which involves charge transport across different atomic species and interfaces, is measured while these atoms absorb soft X‐rays with synchrotron‐grade brilliance. X‐ray absorption is found to affect magnetotransport when the photon energy and linear polarization are tuned to excite Fe? O bonds parallel to the MTJ's interfaces. This explicit link between the device's spintronic performance and these Fe? O bonds, although predicted, challenges conventional wisdom on their detrimental spintronic impact. The technique opens interdisciplinary possibilities to directly probe the role of different atomic species on device operation, and shall considerably simplify the materials science iterations within device research. 相似文献
65.
Nesterenko Mikhail Tixeuil Sebastien 《Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on》2009,20(12):1777-1789
We pose and study the problem of Byzantine-robust topology discovery in an arbitrary asynchronous network. The problem is an abstraction of fault-tolerant routing. We formally state the weak and strong versions of the problem. The weak version requires that either each node discovers the topology of the network or at least one node detects the presence of a faulty node. The strong version requires that each node discovers the topology regardless of faults. We focus on noncryptographic solutions to these problems. We explore their bounds. We prove that the weak topology discovery problem is solvable only if the connectivity of the network exceeds the number of faults in the system. Similarly, we show that the strong version of the problem is solvable only if the network connectivity is more than twice the number of faults. We present solutions to both versions of the problem. The presented algorithms match the established graph connectivity bounds. The algorithms do not require the individual nodes to know either the diameter or the size of the network. The message complexity of both programs is low polynomial with respect to the network size. We describe how our solutions can be extended to add the property of termination, handle topology changes, and perform neighborhood discovery. 相似文献
66.
Sebastien Destercke Olivier Strauss 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2012,16(5):821-831
Selecting a particular kernel to filter a given digital signal can be a difficult task. One solution to solve this difficulty
is to filter with multiple kernels. However, this solution can be computationally costly. Using the fact that most kernels
used for low-pass signal filtering can be assimilated to probability distributions (or linear combinations of probability
distributions), we propose to model sets of kernels by convex sets of probabilities. In particular, we use specific representations
that allow us to perform a robustness analysis without added computational costs. The result of this analysis is an interval-valued
filtered signal. Among such representations are possibility distributions, from which have been defined maxitive kernels.
However, one drawback of maxitive kernels is their limited expressiveness. In this paper, we extend this approach by considering
another representation of convex sets of probabilities, namely clouds, from which we define cloudy kernels. We show that cloudy
kernels are able to represent sets of kernels whose bandwidth is upper and lower bounded, and can therefore be used as a good
trade-off between the classical and the maxitive approach, avoiding some of their respective shortcomings without making computations
prohibitive. Finally, the benefits of using cloudy filters is demonstrated through some experiments. 相似文献
67.
68.
Sebastien Tosi Martin Power Thomas Conway 《IEEE transactions on magnetics》2007,43(3):1101-1111
We describe a low-complexity noniterative detector for magnetic and optical multitrack high-density data storage. The detector is based on the M-algorithm architecture. It performs limited breadth-first detection on the equivalent one-dimensional (1-D) channel obtained by column-by-column helical unwinding of the two-dimensional (2-D) channel. The detection performance is optimized by the use of a specific 2-D minimum-phase factorization of the channel impulse response by the equalizer. An optimized path selection scheme maintains the complexity close to practical 1-D Viterbi. This scheme is based on an approximate path metric parallel sort network, taking advantage of the metrics' residual ordering from previous M-algorithm iterations. Such an architecture approaches maximum-likelihood performance on a high areal density uncoded channel for a practical number of retained paths M and bit error rate (BER) below 10-4. The performance of the system is evaluated when the channel is encoded with multi-parity check (MPC) block inner code and an outer interleaved Reed-Solomon code. The inner code enhances the minimum error distance of the equalized channel and reduces the correct path losses of the M-algorithm path buffer. The decoding is performed noniteratively. Here, we compare the performance of the system to the soft iterative joint decoding of the read channels for data pages encoded with low-density parity check (LDPC) codes with comparable rates and block length. We provide an approximation of the 2-D channel capacity to further assess the performance of the system 相似文献
69.
To defend themselves against herbivory, plants use a variety of direct and indirect strategies involving induced increases in secondary substances. Species of the Allium genus (Alliaceae), such as the leek Allium porrum (L.), produce nonprotein sulfur amino acids derived from cysteine, i.e., alk(en)yl-cysteine sulfoxides that are precursors of volatile thiosulfinates and disulfides. These defend most species including the specialist leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella. We determined by measuring the increase in the sulfur precursor propyl-cysteine sulfoxide (PCSO) if production of this precursor is induced in response to moth attack and mechanical wounding. The concentration of PCSO was determined by HPLC in 2- or 6-mo-old leeks after attacks of various intensity either by the specialist leek moth or by a generalist moth, Agrotis ipsilon. Injury-induced release of sulfur volatiles was measured by GC/MS after the attacks. Results showed an increase in the production of sulfur compounds in both the precursor and volatile form, occurring only in association with intensive attacks by leek moths. The increase in sulfur precursors also led to an increase in the release of sulfur volatiles. This induced response may provide an effective defense strategy against the plant’s main natural enemy, both directly and indirectly by attracting entomophagous insects. 相似文献
70.
A Fondimare P Sebastien G Monchaux J Bignon J Desbordes G Bonnaud 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1976,21(2):277-283
The authors study three groups of subjects with different exposures to asbestos dust. The lung content in asbestos fibres is measured by optical and electron microscopy, the latter technique revealing preferential concentration of asbestos fibres in the peripheral zones of the lung, in particular in individuals subject to a moderate degree of professional exposure. 相似文献