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981.
Céline Cohen Rory Giles Victoria Sergeyeva Nitesh Mittal Patrick Tabeling Djamal Zerrouki Jean Baudry Jérôme Bibette Nicolas Bremond 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2014,17(5):959-966
The capacity of microfluidic technology to fabricate monodisperse emulsion droplets is well established. Parallelisation of droplet production is a prerequisite for using such an approach for making high-quality materials for either fundamental or industrial applications where product quantity matters. Here, we investigate the emulsification efficiency of parallelised drop generators based on a flow-focusing geometry when incorporating the role of partial wetting in order to make emulsion droplets with a diameter below 10 μm. Confinement intrinsically encountered in microsystems intensifies the role played by interfaces between liquids and solids. We thus take advantage of partial wetting to enhance the maximum confinement accessible due to liquid flow focusing. We compare the performances brought by partial wetting to more established routes such as step emulsification. We show that the step configuration and the partial wetting regime are both well suited for being parallelised and thus open the way to the production of fine and calibrated emulsions for further applications. Finally, this new route of emulsification that exploits partial wetting between the fluids and the channel walls opens possibilities to the formation of substantially smaller droplets, as required in many fields of application. 相似文献
982.
Juan Chirinos Jose Arévalo Tamara Rajmankina Angel Morillo Darmenia Ibarra Ali Bahsas Alvaro Parada 《Polymer Bulletin》2004,51(5-6):381-387
Summary The complex
5-(C5H5)2Ti
(1-OC(O)C6H5)2
was synthesized and activated with MA0 for ethylene
polymerization. The resultant polymer is UHMW-PE with a
viscosimetric molecular weight of Mv = 6.8 x
106 to 0.7 x
106 g/mol dependent on the
temperature of the reaction. The effects of the Al/Ti molar
ratio and temperature of the reaction on the catalytic activity
and polymer properties were studied. 相似文献
983.
Viability study of different reverse osmosis membranes for application in the tertiary treatment of wastes from the tanning industry 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The tanning industry uses large quantities of water and produces a correspondingly large amount of wastewater with high levels of salts and organic materials. Before these wastewaters can be eliminated, they must be submitted to a suitable depuration treatment. However, conventional treatments such as those used for urban wastewater are not able to reduce the salt content sufficiently and new methods need to be studied in the light of new technologies. In this aspect, membrane technology is increasingly used as a separation technique in chemical and environmental engineering, including desalination, selective separation and wastewater treatment. In this paper, we describe a comparative study of six different reverse osmosis membranes, which were tested for their ability to reduce the salt content in the tertiary treatment after the elimination of chromium salts and organic matter of an effluent from a pilot plant for treating industrial wastewater from the tanning industry to reach the legal levels established for their safe disposal. The membranes were checked using a 3×10−3 m2 flat cell, where the concentrated streams were recirculated to the feed reservoir. 相似文献
984.
Ozonation of purine and pyrimidine bases and of carbohydrates was studies in laboratory experiments. The results showed that nucleobases are much more reactive with molecular ozone in aqueous solution than carbohydrates. Second order rate constants for direct reaction of ozone on purines (adenine and guanine) and on pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine and uracil) ranged from 0.76 × 103 to 6.8 × 103 M-1s-1at 2°C. The difference of reactivity between these solutes may be attributed to their substituents. As far as carbohydrates are concerned, direct reactions of ozone are very slow k03 ? 0.1 – 0.3 M-1s-1 at 20°C, and the results indicated that free radical reactions are predominant in the degradation pathway of carbohydrates by ozone. Some ozonation by-products of monosaccharides (glucose, xylose) and disaccharides (cellobiose) also were identified in this study by means of GC/MS analyses. 相似文献
985.
Software development is a fast-paced environment where developers need constant update to ever-changing technologies. Furthermore, process improvement initiatives have been proven useful in increasing the productivity of a software organization. As such, these organizations need to decide where to invest their training budget. As a result, training in technological update to their workforce or training in process conformance with its productive processes become conflicting alternatives. This paper presents a system dynamics simulation of a software factory product line. The objective of this simulation is to understand the changes in behavior when selecting either one of the above-training alternatives. The system dynamics model was validated with an expert panel, and the simulation results have been empirically validated—using statistical process control—against the performance baseline of a real software development organization. With the simulation under statistical control and performing like the baseline, the independent variables representing process conformance (process training) and technology skills (skills training) were modified to study their impact on product defects and process stability. Our results show that while both variables have positive impact on defects and process stability, investment in process training results in a process with less variation and with fewer defects. 相似文献
986.
The homogeneous decomposition of ozone in the presence of a Co(II) catalyst has been investigated in aqueous solution. Under the conditions investigated (Co(II) concentration: 0.0 – 2.0?ppm, pH: 1.6- 8.4, O3 concentration: 5 10?5 – 2.0 104?M) the process can be assumed to follow pseudo first order kinetics with respect to ozone. Cobalt concentration dependency also obeys first order kinetics although it may be considered to reach a steady state concentration. pH exerts a positive influence on the decomposition rate from 1.6 to 7.1, the process leveling off at pH 8.4. An Arrhenius analysis of the temperature effect gave a moderate activation energy of the global reaction (E=10917?cal mol?1). A more detailed radical mechanism than a simple pseudo first order reaction can be postulated for simulation purposes. By numerical optimization of some unknown kinetic constants the influence of several operating variables can be adequately predicted. 相似文献
987.
Servando González Xavier Fernández‐Francos Josep Maria Salla Angels Serra Ana Mantecón Xavier Ramis 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,104(5):3406-3416
Mixtures of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with different proportions of γ‐caprolactone (γ‐CL) were cured with ytterbium triflate as initiator. The curing was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo mechanical analysis (TMA). The results are presented in the form of a time–temperature–transformation diagram. The kinetic analysis was performed by means of the isoconversional integral procedure and the kinetic model was also determined using the Coats–Redfern method. Gelation was determined by means of combined experiences of DSC and TMA. The relationship between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the degree of conversion α was determined by DSC. Using the isoconversional lines and the Tg‐α relationship, the vitrificacion curve was obtained. The methodology developed makes it possible to obtain the TTT diagram using only no‐isothermal experiments with equivalent results to those using classical isothermal procedures. The addition of γ‐CL accelerates the curing and reduces the shrinkage after gelation and consequently the internal stresses in the material. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007 相似文献
988.
F. Pedro-García L.G. Betancourt-Cantera A.M. Bolarín-Miró C.A. Cortés-Escobedo A. Barba-Pingarrón F. Sánchez-De Jesús 《Ceramics International》2019,45(8):10114-10119
We report the effects of the Sr2+ and Ni2+ co-doping of BiFeO3 on the crystal structure and multiferroic properties of Bi1?xSrxFe1-yNiyO3 (x?=?0.05, 0.0?≤?y?≤?0.10, and Δy?=?0.05) that is synthesized using assisted high-energy ball milling. The mixtures of Bi2O3, Fe2O3, SrO and NiO were milled for 5?h, pressed at 900?MPa, and sintered at 800?°C in order to obtain cylindrical test pieces. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement elucidated the effects of Sr2+ and Ni2+ on the crystal structure. Co-doping with SrNi in suitable proportions stabilizes rhombohedral BiFeO3. High contents of Ni2+ promote the precipitation of secondary phases in the forms of NiFe2O4 and Bi25FeO40. The magnetic behavior was examined by means of vibrating sample magnetometry. The results showed a change in the magnetic order from antiferromagnetic for the undoped sample to the ferromagnetic order for the co-doped samples. This change is attributed to the modulations in the magnetic moment due to crystal structure distortions. All samples show high relative permittivity values, which were enhanced by doping with Sr2+. Ni2+ cations increase the dielectric dissipation factor; this enhancement is related to their interactions with cations of a different oxidation state, such as Fe3+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Bi3+ and Sr2+ in the crystal structure of BiFeO3. The magnetoelectric coupling that was evaluated using magnetodielectric measurements was above 4% at 1?kHz for the higher applied magnetic field of 18?kOe. 相似文献
989.
Augusto Lanzón Tomás Albi Arturo Cert Jaime Gracián 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(3):285-291
In numerous Spanish virgin olive oils, 6,10-dimethyl-1-undecene, various sesquiterpenes, the series ofn-alkanes from C14 to C35, n-8-heptadecene and squalene are the only less volatile components detected by gas chromatography
in the hydrocarbon fraction. In oils from olives of the Arbequine variety, a series ofn-9-alkenes has also been found. In refined oils, notable features are the absence of the most volatile compounds and the appearance
of other hydrocarbons produced during the refining process. Among these,n-alkanes, alkadienes (mainlyn-hexacosadiene), stigmasta-3,5-diene, isomerization products of squalene, isoprenoidal polyolefins coming from hydroxy derivatives
of squalene and steroidal hydrocarbons derived from 24-methylene cycloartanol were identified. Physical refining produces
larger amounts of degradation products and greater losses ofn-alkanes than chemical processing. Squalene is the major hydrocarbon component in all oils, both virgin and refined. The ranges
of concentration for the different hydrocarbons found in Spanish virgin olive oils are presented. 相似文献
990.