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41.
Assigned 80 male college students to 18 4-person work groups as either the leader or a subordinate according to their scores on the Dominance scale of the California Personality Inventory. Leader behaviors in a simulated work setting (utilizing a complex paper folding task) were described by the 3 subordinates and 2 independent observers of each work group. Individual subordinate ratings of leader behavior were unrelated to observer ratings of behavior toward each group member; however, observer ratings for general leader behavior toward all group members correlated significantly with the mean member ratings. Subordinate ratings also failed to detect leader behavior effects on performance and overestimated the magnitude of behavior effects on member satisfaction. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
42.
Garlic in different forms has antioxidant properties. These properties are shown to be due to the existence of compounds such as water soluble organosulfur compounds, S-allylcysteine and lipid soluble compounds like diallyl sulfide. The in vivo and in vitro ischemia reperfusion studies showed that prophylactic administration of aqueous garlic prior to ischemia reperfusion inhibit lipid peroxidation and prevent depletion in glutathione through its compounds that led to functional recovery. Its ability to inhibit neutrophil migration could suppress fibrosis formation. These preventive effects are seen in models that studied organs such as kidney and liver with functional recovery. Organ system specific activity such as angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibiting activity contributes to a cardioprotective and blood pressure lowering effect. Future studies should focus on post ischemia reperfusion administration of garlic to explore its rescue potential rather than prophylactic impact. Bench research findings should be translated into clinical use through human studies. 相似文献
43.
Maria Abou Taka George J. Dugbartey Alp Sener 《International journal of molecular sciences》2023,24(1)
Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. The current gold standard of kidney preservation for transplantation is static cold storage (SCS) at 4 °C. However, SCS contributes to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a pathological process that negatively impacts graft survival and function. Recent efforts to mitigate cold renal IRI involve preserving renal grafts at higher or subnormothermic temperatures. These temperatures may be beneficial in reducing the risk of cold renal IRI, while also maintaining active biological processes such as increasing the expression of mitochondrial protective metabolites. In this review, we discuss different preservation temperatures for renal transplantation and pharmacological supplementation of kidney preservation solutions with hydrogen sulfide to determine an optimal preservation temperature to mitigate cold renal IRI and enhance renal graft function and recipient survival. 相似文献
44.
Ellis Aleksander P. J.; Hollenbeck John R.; Ilgen Daniel R.; Porter Christopher O. L. H.; West Bradley J.; Moon Henry 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,88(5):821
This article tests the degree to which personal and situational variables impact the acquisition of knowledge and skill within interactive project teams. On the basis of the literature regarding attentional capacity, constructive controversy, and truth-supported wins, the authors examined the effects of cognitive ability, workload distribution, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, and structure on team learning. Results from 109 four-person project teams working on an interdependent command and control simulator indicated that teams learned more when composed of individuals who were high in cognitive ability and when the workload was distributed evenly. Conversely, team learning was negatively affected when teams were composed of individuals who were high in Agreeableness. Finally, teams using a paired structure learned more than teams structured either functionally or divisionally. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, as well as possible limitations and directions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
45.
Porter Christopher O. L. H.; Hollenbeck John R.; Ilgen Daniel R.; Ellis Aleksander P. J.; West Bradley J.; Moon Henry 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,88(3):391
In this article, the authors developed several hypotheses regarding both the main and interactive effects of 2 types of team inputs on backing up behaviors in teams: (a) team composition characteristics in terms of the personality of the members of the team and (b) team task characteristics in terms of the extent to which the nature of the task is one that legitimately calls for some members of the team to back up other members of the team. Results from a study of 71 4-person teams performing a computerized tactical decision-making task suggest that the legitimacy of the need for back up has an important main effect on the extent to which team members provide assistance to and receive assistance from each other. In addition, the legitimacy of the need for back up also has important interactive effects with both the personality of the back up recipient and the personality of the back up providers on backing up behaviors in teams. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
46.
Colquitt Jason A.; Hollenbeck John R.; Ilgen Daniel R.; LePine Jeffrey A.; Sheppard Lori 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2002,87(2):402
This study examined the effects of computer-assisted communication on team decision-making performance as a function of the team's openness to experience. 79 teams performing a multiple-cue probability learning task were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental conditions: (a) verbal communication or (b) computer-assisted communication (which combined verbal and computerized communication). The results indicated that access to computer-assisted communication improved the decision-making performance of teams, but only when the teams were high in openness to experience. This effect was observed using both global openness and more specific openness facets, as well as a variety of team-level aggregation strategies. Moreover, the beneficial effects of openness in computer-assisted conditions were mediated by the efficiency with which teams integrated verbal and computerized forms of communication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
47.
Influence of weathering on the engineering properties of Harsit granitic rocks (NE Turkey) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sener Ceryan Sule Tudes Nurcihan Ceryan 《Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment》2008,67(1):97-104
Weathering and hydrothermal alteration of the granitic rocks in the Eastern Black Sea Region (NE Turkey) are important phenomena
affecting the engineering projects in the region. The study investigated the probable paths of rock-forming mineral transformations
due to weathering in the Harsit granitoid rocks, the changes of the major oxides as a consequence of weathering and the effects
of weathering on the engineering properties. To identify the changes in the major oxides, the volume concentrations were considered
in relation to the dry density. Chemical leaching during weathering was shown to be significant in changing the minerals.
It was concluded that the engineering properties of the weathered granitic rocks can be most reliably predicted by P-wave
velocity.
相似文献
48.
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan Fatma Sezer SenolNilgun Ozturk Galip AkaydinBilge Sener 《Food chemistry》2012,132(3):1360-1367
The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from 16 Salvia L. species were screened for their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, lipoxygenase, and tyrosinase; the enzymes linked to neurodegeneration. Their antioxidant activity was also tested using DPPH radical scavenging, metal-chelation, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Total flavonoid content of the extracts was determined by AlCl3 reagent, while HPLC technique was applied for analysis of various phenolic acids in the extracts. The extracts exerted weak cholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition, and remarkable inhibition against lipoxygenase (13.07 ± 2.73-74.21 ± 5.61%) at 100 μg ml−1. The methanol extracts showed higher antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assays. The extracts were analyzed for their gallic, protocateuchic, p-hydroxy-benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, chlorogenic, syringic, o- and p-coumaric, ferulic, rosmarinic, and tr-cinnamic acid contents and the methanol extract of Salvia ekimiana (153.50 mg 100 g−1) was revealed to be the richest in terms of rosmarinic acid. 相似文献
49.
Marta Martins Önder Metin Melike Sevim Biljana Šljukić César A.C. Sequeira Tansel Sener Diogo M.F. Santos 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(23):10686-10697
5 nm palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) are synthesized and assembled on reduced graphene oxide-iron oxide nanocomposite (rGO-Fe3O4) to be used in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) studies in alkaline media. The structure and morphology of the resulting Pd/rGO-Fe3O4 hybrid material are evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The electrochemical behavior of Pd/rGO-Fe3O4 hybrid material for the ORR and BOR is investigated by voltammetry with rotating disk and rotating ring disk electrode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, enabling evaluation of the number of exchanged electrons, Tafel slope, exchange current density and activation energy. The results reveal that ORR at Pd/rGO-Fe3O4 proceeds as a 2-electron process with Tafel slope of 0.133 V dec?1, while BOR proceeds as a 5.6-electron process with Tafel slope of 0.350 V dec?1 and exchange current density of 1.38 mA cm?2. The BOR activation energy was found to be 12.4 kJ mol?1. Overall, this study demonstrates the good efficiency of Pd/rGO-Fe3O4 hybrid material for BOR. 相似文献
50.
Notes that the setting of difficult goals has been consistently found to improve performance in both laboratory and field settings; however, the setting of difficult goals has sometimes been confounded with the difficulty of the task especially in field studies where the difficulty of goals and more complex tasks often co-vary. The present study investigated the relative contribution of goal setting and task difficulty to performance on chess problems. Employing a 3 * 3 factorial design, 82 chess-playing undergraduates attempted to solve either easy, moderately difficult, or difficult chess problems, after accepting either an easy, moderately difficult, or difficult goal. Results show that both goals and task difficulty contributed additively to task performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献