We consider the results of long-term remote optical monitoring obtained at the Siberian Lidar Station of Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk (56° 30′ N, 85° E). The scattering characteristics of stratospheric aerosol layer, obtained according to data of lidar measurements recorded since 1986, are presented. We analyse the trends of changes in the total ozone (TO) content over Tomsk for the period 1996–2013 according to data of spectrophotometric measurements employing Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data for the period 1979–1994. We determined the periods of elevated content of stratospheric aerosol over Tomsk after a series of explosive eruptions of volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire and Iceland in 2006–2011. Since the second half of the 1990s we have recorded an increasing TO trend, equalling 0.65 DU/year for the period 1996–2013. 相似文献
Remote-sensing approaches for environmental protection and exploration have evolved rapidly in the last decade. Among the new operational tools, hyperspectral Fluorescent LiDAR System (FLS®) lidar has demonstrated a high sensitivity and the ability to function in complex environments for real-time, robust oil-spill monitoring on airborne or ship-borne analytical platforms. The capabilities of such analytical platforms include real-time analysis of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) data. Although numerous examples of the application of signal theory to the analysis of hyperspectral data appear in the remote-sensing literature, the conventional data analysis strategies are not well adapted to the practical issues of the LIF applications. The aim of this article is to provide a new approach for LIF lidar analytical platforms, which is focused on the specifics of hyperspectral LIF data. The approach is based on structural data analysis and interpretation, through which more detailed spectral matching is performed. This article is based on a simulated experiment in which the spectra of actual seawater and well-known types of petroleum products were combined to demonstrate the wavelet-transform-based analysis of LIF data. The final part of the article demonstrates the application of the wavelet transform to the structural analysis of LIF data from field experiments for the detection and identification of oil products in difficult environmental conditions. 相似文献
An output mode converter for Ka-band multi-MW gyroklystron in the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) operating in the TE53 mode is suggested. Two variants of the converter, aimed for different applications, are presented: the TE53 to TE01 mode converter with power output along the device axis and the TE53 mode to Gaussian wavebeam quasi-optical converter with a visor. The suggested designs include the built-in electron beam
collector. The converters were designed using a new synthesis algorithm, which implies iterative improvement of the waveguide
wall shape in order to achieve high efficiency. The calculation results were proven by HFSS simulation and low-power tests
of one version of the converter. 相似文献
Magnetic optical sensor particles with multifunctional cores and shells are synthesized via a facile nanoprecipitation method and the subsequent modification of the particle shell. The hydrophobic particle core includes optical oxygen indicators, a light harvesting system, photosensitizers, and magnetic nanoparticles. Further functionalities are introduced by modifying the shell with enzymes, antibodies, multiple layers of polyelectrolytes, stimuli‐responsive polymers, and luminescent indicator dyes. The hydrodynamic diameter is tunable by varying different precipitation parameters. 相似文献
A study of hot pressed B4C-based laminates, after rolling and without rolling, has been performed to elucidate the existence of fracture resistance/crack
length anisotropy induced by this processing technique. While the crack lengths/fracture resistance was affected significantly
by the presence of the residual stresses in B4C/B4C–ZrB2 laminates, no differences in Vickers crack lengths were observed in B4C/B4C laminates prepared by rolling and hot pressing, as compared to the crack lengths seen in pure B4C ceramics prepared by hot pressing without rolling. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that no texture has been formed
during the rolling and hot pressing of B4C ceramics. 相似文献
In this article we introduce a new variant of test tube systems based on splicing where the communication of the words among
the test tubes is based on filtering by their lengths. The model, called length-separating test tube systems, is motivated
by the gel electrophoresis laboratory technique. We prove that these constructs, even with restricted size parameters, simulate
the Turing machines. We also discuss some natural restrictions and generalizations of the model, which may be used to find
efficient ways to realize DNA transformations in the laboratory. 相似文献
Efficient yellow–green electroluminescence emission at λmax = 530 nm with CIE coordinates x = 0.3913, y = 0.4947 was obtained with organic light-emitting devices based on tris(2-methyl-8-quinolinolate) scandium (1). The device with the configuration of indium tin oxide/N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine/1/Yb exhibits current efficiency of 3.1 cd/A and power efficiency of 1.8 lm/W at a luminance of 100 cd/m2. The DFT calculations demonstrate that structural changes of the scandium complex 1 influence the electroluminescence spectrum, the better agreement with experimental data being achieved when monodentate ligands are taken into consideration. 相似文献
Vapour pressure measurements are used to evaluate the enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol-gasoline mixtures. Partial molar values are also derived. The dispersed structure of ethanol-gasoline fuel is studied for the first time using the method of correlation spectroscopy of scattered light. A large range of dispersed particle sizes in different alcohol-gasoline systems is found. The dependence of the mean radius of drops on ethanol content is determined. It is found that coalescence phenomenon occurs in the systems when extra ethanol is added. 相似文献
An important commitment in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change is to conduct mitigation analysis and to communicate climate change measures and polices. In major part reducing CO2 as well as the other greenhouse gas emissions in Kazakstan can be a side-product of measures addressed to increasing energy efficiency. Since such measures are very important for the national economy, mitigation strategies in the energy sector of Kazakstan are directly connected with the general national strategy of the energy sector development. This paper outlines the main measures and technologies in energy sector of Kazakstan which can lead to GHG emissions reduction and presents the results of current mitigation assessment.
The mitigation analysis addressed to energy production sector. A baseline and six mitigation scenarios were developed to evaluate the most attractive mitigation options, focusing on specific technologies which have been already included in sustainable energy programs. According to the baseline projection, Kazakstan's CO2 emissions will not exceed their 1990 level until 2005. The potential for CO2 emission reduction is estimated to be about 11% of the baseline emission level by the end of considered period (in 2020). The main mitigation options in the energy production sector in terms of mitigation potential and technical and economical feasibility include rehabilitation of thermal power plants aimed to increasing efficiency, use of nuclear energy, and further expansion in the use of hydro energy based on small hydroelectric power plants. 相似文献