Detection of skeletal metastases in Nigerian breast cancer patients: evaluation of radioisotope bone scan and radiography

Cerebellar granule cells isolated from postnatal day 7 mice, and cultured in minimal medium containing only insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), both survive and differentiate. This differentiation is marked by neurite growth and expression of genes associated with terminal differentiation, the myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) and the alpha 6 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor (GABAA alpha 6). Percoll gradient purified granule cells maintained without IGF-I, in minimal medium alone or in medium containing the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), also express MEF2A and GABAA alpha 6. Thus, cultured granule neurons can differentiate to some extent cell-autonomously and IGF-I may not be a critical factor for this process.     

Untersuchung einer Axialturbinen-Stufe mit tangential gekrümmten Leitschaufeln - Teil II: Modellierung für Throughflow-Rechenverfahren

Although today the reality-near flow simulation is possible with 3D Navier-Stokes-Codes also for several stages because of higher computer-performance, nevertheless the computation codes play yet an important role for several stages axialturbines on the basis of the assumption of a rotation-symmetrical flow, in particular for the design engineer in practice. In order to be able to compute such a computing code for the tangential leaned and curved bladings, compatible models of the radial force, models of loss and deflection for this code must be developed with rotational symmetry. With the 3D-numerical and experimental results, mathematical formulations were developed for the new deflection of flow models of this blades, that formally are compatible with the assumption of a rotation-symmetrical flow and with the existing codes.

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Zusammenfassung Obwohl heuzutage die realitätsnahe Strömungssimulation mit 3D Navier-Stokes-Lösern auch für mehr als eine Stufe möglich ist, spielen für vielstufige Axialturbinen Rechenprogramme auf der Basis der vereinfachenden Annahme einer rotationssymmetrischen Strömung immer noch eine große Rolle, insbesondere für den Auslegungsingenieur in der Praxis. Um ein solches Rechenverfahren für tangential geneigte und gekrümmte Beschaufelungen anwenden zu können, müssen mit der Rotationssymmetrie kompatible Modelle der Radialkraft, Umlenk- und Verlustmodelle für dieses Verfahren entwickelt werden. Mithilfe der Ergebnisse aus den 3D-Berechnungen sowie den experimentellen Daten sind vereinfachte mathematische Formulierungen für die Auswirkungen dieser Beschaufelungen auf Umlenkungen in der Strömung für das vorhandene rotationssymmetrische Rechenverfahren neu entwickelt worden.

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Die hier beschriebenen Ergebnisse wurden im Rahmen einer Dissertation erzielt, die vom Promotionsstipendium nach der Graduiertenförderung der Universität Hannover und vom Institut für Strömungsmaschinen gefördert wurde. Die Schaufeldaten und experimentellen Ergebnisse sind von Prof. Lapschin der TU St. Petersburg zur Verfügung gestellt.     

Diagnostic accuracy of HIV-associated central nervous system toxoplasmosis

Our objective was to examine the accuracy of diagnosis of HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis. Individuals diagnosed with HIV-associated CNS toxoplasmosis and controls were ascertained from a population-based database. Diagnosis was confirmed by response to therapy or by histology. Symptoms, results of anti-Toxoplasma serology and use of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis were recorded. Central nervous system toxoplasmosis was confirmed in 54 (76%) of 75 patients. Reactive anti-Toxoplasma serology was associated with CNS toxoplasmosis (OR=20.4, 95% CI 3.1-175.8). Adjusting for CD4 and use of dapsone or aerosolized pentamidine, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for PCP prophylaxis was associated with lower likelihood of CNS toxoplasmosis (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.7). Diagnosis of CNS toxoplasmosis is often incorrect. Another diagnosis is most likely in patients who are anti-Toxoplasma seronegative or who are receiving prophylactic TMP-SMX.     

Synthesis of charged phenyl radicals and biradicals by laser photolysis in a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer

The feasibility of generating substituted phenyl radicals and biradicals (with a charged substituent) in the gas phase by laser photolysis was examined by using a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. The precursors were generated by ipso-substitution of a halogen atom in the radical cation of a di- or trihalobenzene by various nucleophiles. Photolytic cleavage of the remaining carbon-halogen bond(s) with 266-nm radiation was found to produce many substituted phenyl radicals in greater yields than the earlier employed method, sustained off-resonance irradiated collision-activated dissociation (SORI-CAD). Furthermore, ion generation by photolysis leads to isomerization less often than collisional activation. Finally, not only phenyl-bromine and phenyl-iodine but also certain phenyl-chlorine bonds can be cleaved by photolysis, whereas the synthetic utility of SORI-CAD appears to be largely limited to the cleavage of phenyl-iodine bonds. Hence, laser photolysis greatly expands the variety of substituted phenyl radicals and biradicals that can be synthesized inside a mass spectrometer.     

Allelic imbalance and instability of microsatellite loci on chromosome 1p in human non-small-cell lung cancer

The mapping of allelic loss on the short arm of chromosome 1 has been performed in non-small-cell lung cancer. We used a set of 11 microsatellite loci spanning 1p to examine the frequency of allelic imbalance in a panel of 58 tumours. Fifty-one of 58 (87.9%) cases have shown somatic allelic loss at one or more loci tested. The two shortest regions of the overlap (SRO) of the deletions have been identified: SRO 1 at 1p13.1 and SRO 2 at 1p32-pter. Allelic losses at these regions have been compared among adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and no difference has been found. In contrast to SRO 1, deletions at SRO 2 significantly correlated with advanced stage of the disease as well as post-operative metastasizing and relapse. These data may suggest that SRO 1 and SRO 2 can harbour tumour-supressor genes (TSGs) involved in different stages of NSCLC development. SRO 2 is still quite large and its refined mapping should help attempts to clone and identify the putative TSG(s). Microsatellite instability (replication errors) affecting only 6 (10.3%) of 58 tumour samples is an infrequent genetic alteration at the loci tested.     

Enhanced Hole Mobility and Reliability of Panel Epi-Like Silicon Transistors Using Backside Green Laser Activation

The hole mobility and reliability of green continuous-wave laser-crystallized epi-like Si transistors on glass panel substrates were enhanced by source/drain activation by backside green laser irradiation. Green laser energy was scanned uniformly across junctions since the gate structures included no interference, in an attempt to conduct super visible-laser lateral activation. The enhancement was thus explained by the formation of continuous improved epi-like Si microstructures with reduced grain defects and with a barely increased number of interface defects over the entire channel/junction. The hole mobility in such laser-activated devices was as high as 403 cm² /V^.s, which doubles that of thermally activated devices.