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41.
Dynamic pH junction is an on-line preconcentration method in capillary electrophoresis (CE) based on electrokinetic focusing of weakly ionic analytes with in large sample volumes in a multisection electrolyte system. In this report, experiments and computer simulations were performed to gain a better insight of the analyte focusing mechanism when a dynamic pH junction was used. A computer program, SIMUL, was used to simulate the band-narrowing process of a group for phenol derivatives under optimized buffer conditions, which were compared with experimental results. Computer simulations revealed the formation of a sharp moving pH boundary within the sample zone causing efficient focusing of long plugs of weakly acidic analytes based on their pKa. These studies offered useful information for understanding the band-narrowing process by control of the depth and lifetime of the moving pH boundary as a function of analyte pKa, sample pH, and injection length. The change in pH of the sample within the capillary was also estimated by measuring the absorbances of an analyte at two different wave-lengths. Optimization of analyte focusing resulted in enhanced detection responses of about 60-450-fold in terms of peak heights for some phenol derivatives' relation to conventional injections. Dynamic pH junction represents a novel approach to control band dispersion (peak width) and selectivity (mobility) of specific analytes for high-resolution CE separations. 相似文献
42.
Park JW Kurosawa S Aizawa H Han DS Yoshimoto M Nakamura C Miyake J Chang SM 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2003,50(2):193-195
We present conventional detection of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) for using the competitive reaction between DNP and DNP-conjugated albumin onto DNP antibody immobilized quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). This QCM method allows detection of DNP concentration in the range of 0.01 to 100 ng/ml; linear correlation obtains DNP concentration from 1 to 100 ng/ml. 相似文献
43.
Kentaro Yanagihara Jumpei Taketsugu Kiyoshi Fukui Shigeru Fukunaga Shinsuke Hara Ken-ichi Kitayama 《Wireless Personal Communications》2007,40(3):401-415
In this paper, we propose a new energy efficient clustering scheme with transmission power control named “EACLE” (Energy-Aware
CLustering scheme with transmission power control for sEnsor networks) for wireless sensor networks, which are composed of
the following three components; “EACLE clustering” is a distributed clustering method by means of transmission power control,
“EACLE routing” builds a tree rooted at a sink node and sets the paths from sensor nodes taking energy saving into consideration,
and “EACLE transmission timing control” changes the transmission timing with different levels of transmission power to avoid
packet collisions and facilitates packet binding.
With an indoor wireless channel model which we obtained from channel measurement campaigns in rooms and corridors and an energy
consumption model which we obtained from a measurement of a chipset, we performed computer simulations to investigate the
performance of EACLE in a realistic environment. Our simulation results indicate that EACLE outperforms a conventional scheme
such as EAD (Energy-Aware Data-centric routing) in terms of communication success rate and energy consumption. Furthermore,
we fully discuss the impact of transmission power and timing control on the performance of EACLE. 相似文献
44.
Iida Takahiko Iwamoto Hideo Oka Hisao Funakawa Shigeru 《Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on》1980,(1):111-118
Fast- switching reverse-conducting thyristors have been developed and used in dc chopper apparatus to control the speed of highvoltage dc traction motors. The newly developed dc chopper circuit and its application for low-voltage dc motor control are discussed. The fast-switching reverse-conducting thyristor is utilized as the main thyristor to control load current. 相似文献
45.
The search for fresh or potable water remains a pressing concern throughout many regions of the world. Although most of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans, the effort to provide for the world's inhabitants with fresh or potable water seems to be insurmountable; at least one billion people do not have access to clean and fresh water. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that about 41% of the Earth's population lives in water-stressed areas, and the number of people in the water scarce regions may climb to 3.5 billion by the year 2025. Thus, innovative and cost-effective desalination technologies for producing fresh water are needed to provide practical solutions. 相似文献
46.
This paper discusses the complexity of packingk-chains (simple paths of lengthk) into an undirected graph; the chains packed must be either vertex-disjoint or edge-disjoint. Linear-time algorithms are given for both problems when the graph is a tree, and for the edge-disjoint packing problem when the graph is general andk = 2. The vertex-disjoint packing problem for general graphs is shown to be NP-complete even when the graph has maximum degree three andk = 2. Similarly the edge-disjoint packing problem is NP-complete even when the graph has maximum degree four andk = 3. 相似文献
47.
Shigeru Tanaka Kazuyuki Hokamoto Seiichi Irie Toshihiko Okano Zoran Ren Matej Vesenjak Shigeru Itoh 《Measurement》2011,44(10):2185-2189
Porous materials such as aluminum foam have been investigated for possible use as impact shock absorbers in transportation aeronautic applications. However, the response of aluminum foam during impacts at high velocities of more than 100 m/s is not yet fully understood. A high-velocity impact experiment was therefore carried out to clarify impact shock absorption properties of aluminum foam. A one-stage powder gun was used to accelerate an aluminum foam sample to impact a rigid wall. Velocity and deformation of the aluminum foam sample during impact was studied using a digital high-speed video camera, while the pressure wave in the aluminum foam sample was measured using a PVDF gauge. The experimental observations revealed uneven collapse of the aluminum foam sample structure during high speed impact with a general stress plateau effect, typical for cellular material structures when subjected to quasi-static loading. 相似文献
48.
Phase relations for the Al2O3-CaF2-SiO2 system were investigated from 1673 to 1723 K. The hotfilament technique was applied to observe a two-liquid region and liquidus
for the ternary system. The liquidus saturated with SiO2 was investigated at 1673 K by using the hot-filament technique and the chemical equilibrium technique. In this system, the
addition of Al2O3 to the CaF2-SiO2 system reduces the congruent temperature. A small substitution of Al2O3 for CaF2 increases the solubility of SiO2, namely, if the region of liquid phase could be enlarged. These results suggest that Al2O3 would be an effective substitute of CaF2 in slag for steelmaking. 相似文献
49.
Shigeru Hanba 《国际强度与非线性控制杂志
》2008,18(17):1592-1606
》2008,18(17):1592-1606
In constructing a globally convergent numerical nonlinear observer of Newton‐type for a continuous‐time nonlinear system, a globally convergent nonlinear equation solver with a guaranteed rate of convergence is necessary. In particular, the solver should be Jacobian free, because an analytic form of the state transition map of the nonlinear system is generally unavailable. In this paper, two Jacobian‐free nonlinear equation solvers of pseudo‐Newton type that fulfill these requirements are proposed. One of them is based on the finite difference approximation of the Jacobian with variable step size together with the line search. The other uses a similar idea, but the estimate of the Jacobian is mostly updated through a BFGS‐type law. Then, by using these solvers, globally stable numerical nonlinear observers are constructed. Numerical results are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
50.
We have investigated the microstructure of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS, respectively) techniques. The samples were uniaxially drawn in water or KI/I2 aqueous solution and then dried in an air-oven at 333 K for 1 h prior to SAXS and WAXS measurements. It was found that for the films drawn in KI/I2 solution PVA chains in the microfibrillar structure are more extended upon the film drawing compared to the case of the films drawn in pure water, which is resulted from the correlation function analysis on the SAXS data. Adsorbed iodines into the film were anticipated to act as junction points between the microfibrils via the formation of the PVA-iodine complexes. 相似文献