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991.
992.
Removal of phosphate from wastewaters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gas concrete waste was used to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions in this study. The influence of suspension pH, temperature, mixing rate, and gas concrete dosage on phosphate removal was investigated by conducting a series of batch adsorption experiments. In addition, the yield and mechanisms of phosphate removal were explained on the basis of the results of X-ray spectroscopy, measurements of zeta potential of particles, both values of BET-N2 specific surface area, and images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the particles before and after adsorption. In this study, phosphate removal in excess of 99% was obtained and it was concluded that wastes of gas concrete are an efficient adsorbent for the removal of phosphate. The removal of phosphate predominantly takes place by precipitation mechanism and the weak physical interactions between the surface of adsorbent and the metallic salts of phosphate. 相似文献
993.
Nor?Azowa?IbrahimEmail author Faraj?Abu-Ilaiwi Mohamad?Zaki?Ab.?Rahman Mansor?B.?Ahmad Khairul?Zaman?M.?Dahlan Wan?Md?Zin?Wan?Yunus 《Journal of Polymer Research》2005,12(3):173-179
Grafting of acrylamide (AAm) onto oil palm empty fruits bunch fiber using hydrogen peroxide as initiator and methyl acrylate as comonomer was investigated. The amount of comonomer needed to make grafting of acrylamide possible was determined. The percentage of poly(acrylamide) and the comonomer in the final graft copolymer was estimated by elemental analysis. Results obtained indicated that methyl acrylate facilitated the incorporation of acrylamide monomer onto OPEFB. The reactivity ratios for both monomers were determined by using Fineman–Ross plot. The effects of reaction temperature and period as well as amount of the initiator, solvent, monomer and comonomer on the percentage of grafting at fixed amount of comonomer (11 mmol) were studied. Maximum percentage of grafting was achieved when the amount of initiator and solvent 3.98×10−3 mol and 50 mL respectively. The optimum reaction temperature was 50 ○C and the reaction period was 90 min. Highest percentage of grafting was 232% when 25.6 mmol of acrylamide was used under these optimum conditions. The presence of functional group in the grafted polymer is characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the surface morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy. Thermoanalytic investigation on OPEFB and OPEFB-g-PAAM were carried out to evaluate the thermal stability and respective activation energy of the materials. 相似文献
994.
Vinnie?Mao Samir?K.?Konar David?G.?B.?BoocockEmail author 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2004,81(8):803-808
The base-catalyzed transmethylation of soybean oil has been studied under conditions whereby the reaction starts as a single
phase, but later becomes two phases as glycerol separates. Methanol/oil molar ratios of 6∶1 were used at 23°C. The catalysts
were sodium hydroxide (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%), potassium hydroxide (1.0 and 1.4 wt%), and sodium methoxide (0.5, 1.0, and
1.35 wt%), all concentrations being with respect to the oil. Oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) was used to form a single reaction
phase. The reactions deviated from homogeneous kinetics as glycerol separated, taking with it most of the catalyst. When 1.0
wt% sodium hydroxide was used, the methyl ester content reached 97.5 wt% after 4 h, compared with 85–90 wt% in the two-phase
reaction. Sodium hydroxide (1.0 wt%), sodium methoxide (1.35 wt%), and potassium hydroxide (1.4 wt%) gave similar results,
presumably because the same number of moles was used. The ASTM biodiesel specification for chemically bound glycerol was achieved
after only 3 min when 2.0 wt% sodium hydroxide was used. However, the standard was not achieved after 4 h when 1.0 wt% sodium
hydroxide was used, the MG content being 1.1–1.6 wt%. The use of 2.0 wt% catalyst is commercially impractical. 相似文献
995.
Hyun-Seob?Song Joo?Sung?Lee Jae?Chun?HyunEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2002,19(6):949-953
A mathematical model for the pyrolysis reaction of polystyrene (PS) in a semi-batch reactor has been presented. The thermal
degradation of PS was flexibly modeled by a combination of random and specific chain-end scissions. Numerical simulation was
used to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the PS products spectrum, the results of which were validated by
the experimental data. It was found that as the reaction temperature increased (decreased), the monomer fraction in the products
became lower (higher) while the trimer higher (lower). No significant variation in the product composition was, however, observed
while constant temperature was maintained. These results indicate the reaction temperature is an effective manipulated variable
for the control of products composition of PS pyrolysis. The calculation of the optimum temperature trajectories through the
optimization study can thus be of interest for achieving productivity enhancement in plastics pyrolysis processes.
This paper is dedicated to Professor Dong Sup Doh on the occasion of his retirement from Korea University. 相似文献
996.
Li?QiuxiaoEmail author Zhang?Gaoyong Peng?Shaoyi 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2002,5(3):229-233
Amination of fatty alcohols by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis is one of the main commercial processes for the
production of dimethylalkylamines. The key factor in this process is the preparation of catalysts with high selectivity. A
study of amination catalyzed by Cu−Ni catalysts supported on CaCO3 is reported in this paper. Selectivity of the catalysts was adjustable by varying the ratio of Cu to Ni or by adding a third
element (Zn or Mg). The promotion of catalyst selectivity was mainly attributable to the effect of the components on the reducibility
of Ni2+ in the catalysts. Lower reducibility of Ni2− led to higher catalyst selectivity. 相似文献
997.
本文介绍了一个微机上运行的注塑模CAD系统,此系统主要解决了四个难点,浇注系统设计,冷却系统分析,型腔,型芯的曲面造型设计,装配图和零件工作图的设计绘制,经厂家实际运用证明,该系统使用方便,结果正确,能提高设计效率,降低生产成本。 相似文献
998.
Weizeng Shao Susanne Lehner Changlong Guan 《International journal of remote sensing》2014,35(11-12):4046-4063
In this article, the polarization ratio (PR) of TerraSAR-X (TS-X) vertical–vertical (VV) and horizontal–horizontal (HH) polarization data acquired over the ocean is investigated. Similar to the PR of C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the PR of X-band SAR data also shows significant dependence on incidence angle. The normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) in VV polarization data is generally larger than that in HH polarization for incidence angles above 23°. Based on the analysis, two PR models proposed for C-band SAR were retuned using TS-X dual-polarization data. A new PR model, called X-PR hereafter, is proposed as well to convert the NRCS of TS-X in HH polarization to that in VV polarization. By using the developed geophysical model functions of XMOD1 and XMOD2 and the tuned PR models, the sea surface field is retrieved from the TS-X data in HH polarization. The comparisons with in situ buoy measurements show that the combination of XMOD2 and X-PR models yields a good retrieval with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.03 m s–1 and scatter index (SI) of 22.4%. A further comparison with a high-resolution analysis wind model in the North Sea is also presented, which shows better agreement with RMSE of 1.76 m s–1 and SI of 20.3%. We also find that the difference between the fitting of the X-PR model and the PR derived from TS-X dual-polarization data is close to a constant. By adding the constant to the X-PR model, the accuracy of HH polarization sea surface wind speed is further improved with the bias reduced by 0.3 m s–1. A case acquired at the offshore wind farm in the East China Sea further demonstrates that the improvement tends to be more effective for incidence angles above 40°. 相似文献
999.
Chang?Duk?Kang Sang?Jun?SimEmail author Young?Sang?Cho Woo?Sik?Kim 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2003,20(3):482-486
The removal of copper from wastewater by ferric/limestone coagulation followed by screen filtration was carried out at a laboratory
scale. The optimum coagulant (FeCl3) dose and working pH were 50 mg// of Fe(m) and pH 7.5, respectively, through jar tests. For the efficient removal of copper
from wastewater, we developed a novel process including the co-precipitation of copper with FeCl3, alkalization in a limestone aeration bed, and separation of precipitates in a sedimentation tank coupled with internal stainless
steel screen filter. The performance results showed that removal of copper from the solution was over 99.5%. The pH was effectively
maintained over 7.5 in limestone bed during the whole process. Ferric hydroxide/copper aggregates were removed over 99% by
stainless steel screen filter of 1,450 mesh. Periodic air backwashing alleviated fouling of the filter surface. 相似文献
1000.
Ionic liquids as electrolytes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors. 相似文献