考虑频率安全约束及风电综合惯性控制的电力系统机组组合

随着风电渗透率上升,电力系统惯性响应和一次调频能力下降,频率安全问题凸显,有必要在机组日前发电计划安排中考虑频率安全约束。依据电力系统频率安全要求,提出了考虑频率跌落最低值的频率安全约束构造方法。同时引入风电综合惯性控制使风电机组参与一次调频,在此基础上建立了考虑频率安全约束及风电综合惯性控制的机组组合模型。运用M语言动态控制多机频率响应模型进行Simulink仿真,并将其嵌入到改进粒子群优化算法中迭代求解。含风电的IEEE39节点系统算例结果表明,所提模型和方法能有效提升系统频率响应能力,保证系统安全运行。     

分子束外延的CdTe在碲镉汞中波器件中钝化效果

采用分子束外延技术（MBE）制备了碲化镉（CdTe）原位钝化的中波碲镉汞（HgCdTe）材料。原子力显微镜（AFM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试结果表明,分子束原位外延的CdTe可见cross-hatch,表面粗糙度为1～2 nm,CdTe和HgCdTe界面结合紧密。微波光导测试结果显示,77 K时,与表面处理后非原位CdTe钝化的HgCdTe材料相比,CdTe原位钝化的HgCdTe材料的少子寿命较大。制备了分子束外延CdTe原位钝化的中波HgCdTe光伏器件,和相同材料上的非原位CdTe/ZnS双层钝化制备的器件I-V特性相似。     

A code-pattern-driven digital background calibration technique for SAR ADCs

The article presents the buck converter for the application on headlights of vehicle with chip-level design. The LED components are used as for lighting source, which near/far lights are controlled with high-current switching circuit in the chip. The level-shift circuit and its current driver is proposed to control the input of high-voltage power MOS. The bypass method is presented to reduce the transient time as load current changes suddenly. The input voltage widely ranges from 8 to 21 V while keeping a stable output voltage with 6 V. The chip current can output from 20 to 1500 mA with excellent regulation. This chip had been implemented with TSMC0.25 µm HV- process, and the size of the circuit layout is about 8.6 mm², where includes power switch and far/near lighting switches. Measurements show that peak efficiency can achieve 86.3%. The power regulation is excellent, where the load regulation is only 0.3%, and the line regulation is only 0.5%.

     

Diamond semiconductor and elastic strain engineering

Diamond,as an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor,has become a promising candidate for next-generation microelec-tronics and optoelectronics due to its numerous advantages over conventional semiconductors,including ultrahigh carrier mo-bility and thermal conductivity,low thermal expansion coefficient,and ultra-high breakdown voltage,etc.Despite these ex-traordinary properties,diamond also faces various challenges before being practically used in the semiconductor industry.This review begins with a brief summary of previous efforts to model and construct diamond-based high-voltage switching diodes,high-power/high-frequency field-effect transistors,MEMS/NEMS,and devices operating at high temperatures.Following that,we will discuss recent developments to address scalable diamond device applications,emphasizing the synthesis of large-area,high-quality CVD diamond films and difficulties in diamond doping.Lastly,we show potential solutions to modulate diamond’s electronic properties by the“elastic strain engineering”strategy,which sheds light on the future development of diamond-based electronics,photonics and quantum systems.     

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer with fixed and adaptive modulation

Activating Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) in Radio-Frequency (RF) to provide on-demand energy supply to widely deployed Internet of Everything devices is a key to the next-generation energy self-sustainable 6G network. However, Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) in the same RF bands is challenging. The majority of previous studies compared SWIPT performance to Gaussian signaling with an infinite alphabet, which is impossible to implement in any realistic communication system. In contrast, we study the SWIPT system in a well-known Nakagami-m wireless fading channel using practical modulation techniques with finite alphabet. The attainable rate-energy-reliability tradeoff and the corresponding rationale are revealed for fixed modulation schemes. Furthermore, an adaptive modulation-based transceiver is provided for further expanding the attainable rate-energy-reliability region based on various SWIPT performances of different modulation schemes. The modulation switching thresholds and transmit power allocation at the SWIPT transmitter and the power splitting ratios at the SWIPT receiver are jointly optimized to maximize the attainable spectrum efficiency of wireless information transfer while satisfying the WPT requirement and the instantaneous and average BER constraints. Numerical results demonstrate the SWIPT performance of various fixed modulation schemes in different fading conditions. The advantage of the adaptive modulation-based SWIPT transceiver is validated.     

Design of a 2-DOF-PID controller using an improved sine–cosine algorithm for load frequency control of a three-area system with nonlinearities

This paper proposes an improved sine–cosine algorithm (ISCA) based 2-DOF-PID controller for load frequency control. A three-area test system is built for study, while some physical constraints (nonlinearities) are considered for the investigation of a realistic power system. The proposed method is used as the parameter optimizer of the LFC controller in different scenarios. The 2-DOF-PID controllers are used because of their capability of fast disturbance rejection without significant increase of overshoot in set-point tracking. The 2-DOF-PID controllers’ efficacy is observed by examining the responses with the outcomes obtained with PID and FOPID controllers. The simulation results with the suggested scheme are correlated with some of the existing algorithms, such as SCA, SSA, ALO, and PSO in three different scenarios, i.e., a disturbance in two areas, in three areas, and in the presence of physical constraints. In addition, the study is extended to a four-area power system. Statistical analysis is performed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test (WSRT) on 20 independent runs. This confirms the supremacy of the proposed method.