基于分位点的全局灵敏度及其求解方法

为探讨输入变量在随机不确定性环境下对产品的分位点(产品满足一定概率要求的输出性能的上限值)的影响,定义了基于分位点的输入变量的全局灵敏度分析(GSA)指标.该指标能够在给定的概率要求下全面衡量输入变量在其分布域中变化时对输出性能分位点的平均影响程度.揭示了该指标与已有的基于分布函数的全局灵敏度指标和基于失效概率的全局灵敏度指标的内在联系,并利用维度缩减方法和基于分数阶矩的极大熵算法以及Nataf变换来高效求解所提指标.通过数值和工程算例说明了基于分位点的全局灵敏度指标的物理意义,并验证了求解方法的精度和效率.     

High-performance implementation of in-network traffic pacing for small-buffer networks

Demands on data communication networks continue to drive the need for increasingly faster link speeds. Optical packet switching networks promise to provide data rates that are sufficiently high to satisfy the needs of the future Internet core network. However, a key technological problem with optical packet switching is the very small size of packet buffers that can be implemented in the optical domain. Existing protocols, for example the widely used Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), do not perform well in such small-buffer networks. To address this problem, we have proposed techniques for actively pacing traffic at edge networks to ensure that traffic bursts are reduced or eliminated and thus do not cause packet losses in routers with small buffers. We have also shown that this traffic pacing can improve the performance of conventional networks that use small buffers (e.g., to reduce the cost of buffer memory on routers). A key challenge in this context is to develop systems that can perform such packet pacing efficiently and at high data rates. In this paper, we present the design and prototype of a hardware implementation of our packet pacing technique. We discuss and evaluate design trade-offs and present performance results from an prototype implementation based on a NetFPGA fieldprogrammable gate array system. Our results show that traffic pacing can be implemented with few hardware resources and without reducing system throughput. Therefore, we believe that traffic pacing can be deployed widely to improve the operation of current and future networks.     

Stochastic resonance in binary composite hypothesis-testing problems in the Neyman–Pearson framework

Performance of some suboptimal detectors can be enhanced by adding independent noise to their inputs via the stochastic resonance (SR) effect. In this paper, the effects of SR are studied for binary composite hypothesis-testing problems. A Neyman–Pearson framework is considered, and the maximization of detection performance under a constraint on the maximum probability of false-alarm is studied. The detection performance is quantified in terms of the sum, the minimum, and the maximum of the detection probabilities corresponding to possible parameter values under the alternative hypothesis. Sufficient conditions under which detection performance can or cannot be improved are derived for each case. Also, statistical characterization of optimal additive noise is provided, and the resulting false-alarm probabilities and bounds on detection performance are investigated. In addition, optimization theoretic approaches to obtaining the probability distribution of optimal additive noise are discussed. Finally, a detection example is presented to investigate the theoretical results.     

Multi-sink load balanced forwarding with a multi-criteria fuzzy sink selection for video sensor networks

Congestion is a challenging problem in wireless sensor networks, which exacerbates with the high volume of data traffic imposed by video applications such as video surveillance and target tracking. Deployment of multiple sinks is a candidate solution for congestion and is also promising in terms of reliability and energy-efficiency. In order to gain the maximum benefit from multiple sinks, it is essential to distribute the load among them evenly. In this paper, we propose a cross layer geographic forwarding scheme MLBRF (Multi-Sink Load Balanced Reliable Forwarding) which aims to provide reliable and energy efficient video delivery in a multi-sinked sensor network for target tracking. In order to provide load balancing among the sinks, MLBRF proposes a sink selection mechanism based on fuzzy logic for the frame forwarding which evaluates the traffic density in the direction of each sink by combining two dynamic criteria which are the number of contenders and the buffer occupancy levels in the neighborhood with the static distance criterion. The performance of the fuzzy sink selection mechanism is compared using simulation with various sink selection mechanisms. The results show that MLBRF gains the maximum benefit from deploying multiple sinks in terms of reliability, latency and energy efficiency by using the proposed fuzzy sink selection mechanism.     

On-demand particle enrichment in a microfluidic channel by a locally controlled floating electrode

A flexible strategy for the on-demand control of the particle enrichment and positioning in a microfluidic channel is proposed and demonstrated by the use of a locally controlled floating metal electrode attached to the channel bottom wall. The channel is subjected to an axially acting global DC electric field, but the degree of charge polarization of the floating electrode is governed largely by a local control of the voltage applied to two micron-sized control electrodes (CEs) on either side of the floating electrode (FE). This strategy allows an independent tuning of the electrokinetic phenomena engendered by the floating electrode regardless of the global electric field across the channel, thus making the method for particle manipulation far more versatile and flexible. In contrast to a dielectric microchannel wall possessing a nearly uniform surface charge (or zeta potential), the patterned metal strip (floating electrode) is polarized under electric field resulting in a non-uniform distribution of the induced surface charge with a zero net surface charge, and accordingly induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) flow. The ICEO flow can be regulated by the control electric field through tuning the magnitude and polarity of the voltage applied to the CEs, which in turn affects both the hydrodynamic field as well as the particle motion. By controlling the control electric field, on-demand control of the particle enrichment and its position inside a microfluidic channel has been experimentally demonstrated.     

铝-钛异种金属钎焊技术的研究

介绍了铝-钛合金复合结构的优点和应用前景,分析了铝-钛异种金属之间焊接的难点及存在的主要问题,总结了关于铝-钛异种金属真空钎焊、高频感应钎焊、熔钎焊以及搅拌摩擦钎焊技术的研究现状,并讨论了各种焊接技术的主要特征。     

低油价下国内非常规气与进口气竞争力对比

近年来,非常规天然气已成为我国天然气供应的重要构成之一,在低油价的新常态下,中国油气行业面临究竟是继续低效益开发国内非常规气,还是加大进口海外天然气的现实抉择。为此,基于国内典型非常规气田的开发成本现状,采用净现金流量法,开展了典型非常规气田单井经济效益评价,构建了反映单井投资、累计产量、内部收益率3大关键指标的技术经济界限图版并与进口气价格进行对比,得出不同油价下我国非常规气效益开发的最优序列。研究结果表明:(1)在当前气价、投资、产量水平下,只有致密气藏\"甜点区\"可实现效益开发,煤层气藏、页岩气藏的内部收益率均低于基准收益率,有待于进一步降本增效;(2)当原油价格发生变化时,若油价为40美元/桶(1桶=0.159 m~3),国产致密气相比进口LNG效益更优,可优先开发,并加大LNG进口比例;(3)若油价为50美元/桶及以上时,国产非常规气相比进口LNG效益更优,应加大开发力度,平衡好国产气与进口气的供应比例关系,以实现效益最大化。