Simulation and Experiment of the Homogeneously Catalyzed Production of Terpenyl Amine

Continuous terpenyl amine production via a homogeneously catalyzed hydroamination is presented. For the recycling of the catalyst a liquid‐liquid system combined with a subsequent acid complexation as capturing step for the terpenyl amine was used. The whole process was run in pilot plant scale. At first, batch experiments were conducted to determine reaction equilibria of the hydroamination and the acid complexation. On this, a process model was developed which is based on equilibrium stages. This process model was validated by running the continuous process and was able to predict the continuous process in good agreement with experimental data. So, it allows a reduction of the experimental effort.     

Sliding mode control of switched systems: A geometric algebra approach

Geometric algebra (GA) is proposed as a mathematical framework for revisiting fundamental aspects of sliding mode control (SMC) in nonlinear, switch-controlled, single input systems. Sliding mode existence conditions, the switching policy, the invariance conditions, the associated equivalent control, and the characterization of ideal sliding dynamics, are all re-examined using a geometric algebra (GA) standpoint. Two illustrative examples, from switched power electronics, are presented using the GA language.