Nanoindentation of aluminum (100) at various temperatures

High temperatures generally affect materials in some form. In this regard, the capability to perform nanoscale measurements at elevated temperatures opens up new possibilities for investigating the temperature dependence of materials’ mechanical properties. Particularly, the responses of aluminum’s different mechanical properties to indentation at various temperatures have been studied experimentally. In this paper, aluminum response to different room temperatures was examined. The behaviors of a single crystal aluminum during loading and unloading were observed. Nanoindentation experiments on a single crystal aluminum (100) sample at temperatures of 265 K and 388 K were performed with different loading conditions. At the start of the first burst of the dislocation glide, which was indicated by a sudden increase in displacement with no increase in loading, evidence of plastic properties and softening effects on aluminum was identified. The ductile to brittle transition was observed at temperatures below 273 K. Generally, there was a significant increase in the penetration depth and a decrease in hardness, elastic modulus, and elastic recovery as the testing temperature increased.     

Comparative Analysis of Execution of CNN-Based Sanguine Data Transmission with LSB-SS and PVD-SS

The intact data transmission to the authentic user is becoming crucial at every moment in the current era. Steganography; is a technique for concealing the hidden message in any cover media such as image, video; and audio to increase the protection of data. The resilience and imperceptibility are improved by choosing an appropriate embedding position. This paper gives a novel system to immerse the secret information in different videos with different methods. An audio and video steganography with novel amalgamations are implemented to immerse the confidential auditory information and the authentic user’s face image. A hidden message is first included in the audio from the multimedia file; using LSB Technique. The Stego-video is created in the second stage by merging the authorized user’s face into the frame of the video; by using PVD technology. Stego-audio is linked again with the stego-video in the third stage. The incorporated perspective techniques (LSB-SS and PVD-SS algorithms) with more significant data immersing capacity, good robustness and imperceptibility are proposed in this research work. The spread spectrum approach is used to increase the complexity of secret data recognition. Two different video files are tested with different voice files with the results such as PSNR, SSIM, RMSE and MSE as 52.3, 0.9963, 0.0024 and 0.0000059, respectively.     

Electrochemical and mechanical investigation into the effects of polyacrylamide/TiO2 in polyurethane coatings on mild steel structures in chloride media

Journal of Materials Science - The influence of embedding PAM/TiO2 nanoparticles within neat polyurethane (PU) coated for the first time on mild steel was evaluated for its mechanical and...     

Structural and Dielectric Properties of PVP Based Composite Polymer Electrolyte Thin Films

The study and application of thin film technology is entirely entered in to almost all the branches of science and technology. Transparent conducting oxide films have been widely used in the fields of flat panel displays, solar cells, touch panels and other optoelectronic devices owing to their high electrical conductivity and optical transmittance in visible region. In the present study, Solid state ion conducting polymer electrolyte films were prepared by doping nano-sized TiO₂ particles on PVP (poly vinyl pyrrolidone) complexed with MgSO₄·7H₂O salt by solution casting technique and characterized by powder XRD, DSC, SEM, optical and dielectric studies. The XRD pattern of the prepared sample shows the semi-crystalline nature. SEM and EDS confirms the presence of compounds inside the material. Optical absorption studies are used to measure the bandgap of the prepared sample. Dielectric studies are performed to observe the conductivity of the sample.     

Petri net modeling of gate and interconnect delays for power estimation

Switching activity estimation is an important step in average power estimation of VLSI circuits at the gate level. In this paper, we present a novel approach based on Petri net modeling for real delay switching activity and power estimation of CMOS circuits, considering both gate and interconnect delays. We propose a new type of Petri net called hierarchical colored hardware Petri net (HCHPN), which accurately captures the spatial and temporal correlations in modeling switching activity. The logic circuit is first modeled as a gate signal graph (GSG) which is then converted into the corresponding HCHPN and simulated as a Petri net to obtain the switching activity estimates and the power values. The proposed method is accurate and fast compared to other simulative methods. Experimental results are provided for ISCAS '85 and ISCAS '89 benchmark circuits and compared with the commercial tools, PowerMill, and Prime Power.     

On the Efficacy of Ru/Al2O3 Catalyst for Steam Reforming of Ethylene Glycol

This work describes hydrogen (H₂) production via steam reforming of ethylene glycol (EG) over a supported ruthenium catalyst. EG is chosen as a model compound for the alcohols contained in the aqueous phase of bio-oil. Using a fixed-bed reactor, experimental runs are carried out over Ru/Al₂O₃ at various temperatures (350–500°C), ratios of the mass of the catalyst (W) to the molar flow rate (F_O) of EG at the inlet (W/F_O = 0.37 ? 2.38 g h/mol), and feed concentrations (22.3–53.4 wt.% EG in water). The role of Ru in conversion of EG, production of H₂, and product distribution of the carbonaceous species is studied. Reaction pathways previously described in the literature are used to elucidate our results.     

Synthesis,dielectric and relaxation behavior of lead free NBT–BT ceramics

The 0.94(Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃)–0.06BaTiO₃ ceramics have been prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method. Structural analysis of the prepared ceramic was made by means of room temperature XRD, FT-IR and Raman spectra. The formation of perovskite structure is confirmed by XRD and Raman studies. The dependence of dielectric constant on temperature for various frequencies (100 Hz–1.2 MHz) has been determined. The diffuse transition is observed in the variation of dielectric constant and it provides evidence for the relaxor characteristics. The relaxation mechanism of the prepared ceramic is also discussed in detail by using Debye, V–F and Power law relations and the suitable model was predicted by means of goodness of parameter. This is the first time the relaxation process is discussed for the lead free system to the best of our knowledge. High piezoelectric properties with d₃₃=206 pC/N are observed in the present system.     

Epileptic seizure detection using fuzzy-rules-based sub-band specific features and layered multi-class SVM

Pattern Analysis and Applications - In this paper, a new epileptic seizure detection method using fuzzy-rules-based sub-band specific features and layered directed acyclic graph support vector...     

Combustion chemical vapour deposition of Al2O3 films: Effect of temperature on structure, morphology and adhesion

Alumina films were synthesized on Si(100) substrates at different temperatures in the range of 600 to 900 °C using open atmosphere combustion chemical vapour deposition (C-CVD) technique. A custom made premixed-diffusion type burner with an extra coaxial oxygen inlet close to the burner mouth enabled variation of deposition temperature from 600 to 900 °C in steps of 100 (± 10) °C. The presence of γ- and θ-alumina phases were observed in films synthesized in the temperature range of 600-800 °C, whereas at 900 °C single phase θ-alumina films were obtained. Adherent coatings were obtained at temperatures ≥ 700 °C. The grain size and roughness of the films increased with deposition temperature. The films underwent two types of adhesion failures, a continuous ductile perforation and a tensile type hertzian crack due to the presence of interfacial oxide layer, during scratch test. The presence of SiO₂ interfacial layer between substrate and film was discerned from ellipsometric studies.