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41.
In this paper, a technique for estimating the synchronous machine’s parameters using sudden short circuit test, is proposed. Before implementing estimation algorithms, a special method of the machine modelling is given. This last one allows to perform tests such as short-circuit, load impact and shedding test, in an easier way than the models usually developed in the literature. Thanks to the well known electrical equivalent circuit of the generator, the relationships between parameters generally used in the industry (i.e., reactances and time constants) and those used in researcher’s domains will be given. Finally, simulation results of the proposed method, allows to show that the algorithm is capable of providing very good estimated parameters fitting with the actual parameters.  相似文献   
42.
    
Next‐generation wireless systems facilitating better utilisation of the scarce radio spectrum have emerged as a response to inefficient and rigid spectrum assignment policies. These are comprised of intelligent radio nodes that opportunistically operate in the radio spectrum of existing primary systems, yet unwanted interference at the primary receivers is unavoidable. In order to design efficient next‐generation systems and to minimise the adverse effect of their interference, it is necessary to realise how the resulting interference impacts the performance of the primary systems. In this work, a generalised framework for the interference analysis of such a next‐generation system is presented where the next‐generation transmitters may transmit randomly with different transmit powers. The analysis is built around a model developed for the statistical representation of the interference at the primary receivers, which is then used to evaluate various performance measures of the primary system. Applications of the derived interference model in designing the next‐generation network system parameters are also demonstrated. Such approach provides a unified and generalised framework, the use of which allows a wide range of performance metrics can be evaluated. Findings of the analytical performance analyses are confirmed through extensive computer‐based Monte‐Carlo simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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44.
    
Using a recently developed moment generating function‐based approach for the performance evaluation of digital communications over fading channels, we present a unified approach for the exact performance analysis of binary direct‐sequence code division multiple access (DS‐CDMA) systems operating over generalized frequency‐selective fading channels. The results are applicable to single carrier systems employing RAKE reception as well as to multicarrier DS‐CDMA systems with frequency diversity. Aside from simplifying previous results both analytically and computationally, the proposed approach also gives a solution for many situations which heretofore defied a simple form. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
45.
    
Protecting implemented security mechanisms and trusting their output (e.g. log files) when the host, under which they are deployed, is compromised, is among the major challenges that have to be faced. To fulfil this need, recent advances in security have considered the design of storage-based intrusion detection system, which detect intrusions by looking at the low-level disk requests patterns. However, these systems neither tolerate intrusions, nor do they distinguish whether the disk requests are generated by legitimate or malicious processes; and consequently, they generate a lot of false negative and positive alerts. In this paper, we present a Cooperative Intrusion Detection and Tolerance System, called CIDTS, which takes advantage of the information that are available at the network, host operating system, and storage level to better detect intrusion attempts in their early stages, even when the host is compromised. To allow cooperation, the disk communication interface that transports requests between the storage level and the host level is extended to forward information about the processes that generate the request. The paper also provides intrusion tolerance capabilities and provides techniques to support investigation activities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
46.
    
We introduce in this paper a new adaptive power‐controlled diversity combining scheme that reduces the average transmitted power of the mobile units (MUs) while meeting a certain minimum required quality of service. The key idea is (i) to collect and combine all the available diversity paths at the base station (BS) and then (ii) to request the MU to increase or decrease its transmitted power just to track the required target signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Four power control variants accounting for practical implementation constraints including discrete power levels and transmitter gain saturation are proposed and studied. Some selected numerical results show that the proposed scheme offers considerable savings in the transmitted power levels over a wide SNR range but amplifier saturation leads to a violation of the target BER requirement in the low average SNR range. Additional numerical examples show that the power control variants that take into account practical implementation constraints conserve the main features of the ideal continuous power algorithm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
47.
    
In this paper, we investigate the performance of a blind adaptive modulation scheme that does not require any channel knowledge and just uses binary feedback, thereby decreasing feedback load. Retransmission of erroneous packet is not considered. In particular, we present an analytical framework for the performance evaluation of a simple wireless system in terms of receiver and transmitter structure. The system requires no knowledge of the channel and relies on a binary feedback. Slow and fast Rayleigh fading channel conditions are considered. The paper includes the derivation of the closed‐form expressions of the spectral efficiency. In some cases, closed‐form expression for packet error rate (PER) are derived. Our results show relatively high PER but some applications can still operate in a satisfactory fashion in these conditions, such as voice communication. Using coded modulation with high coding gain and increasing the number of blocks per time slot decrease the PER even more. An advantage of this system is that it uses a low complexity receiver, which sends binary feedback. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
48.
    
Traditional fading mitigation techniques are designed relative to the worst‐case channel conditions, resulting in a poor utilization of the spectrum and the available power a good percentage of the time. In contrast, we introduce and investigate in this paper new adaptive modulation and diversity combining techniques that jointly select the most appropriate constellation size and the most suitable diversity branches in response to the channel variation and given a desired bit error rate (BER) requirement. Numerical results show that these newly proposed adaptive modulation and combining schemes can reduce considerably the average receiver channel estimation complexity as well as the power drain from the battery while offering high spectral efficiency and satisfying the desired outage probability and BER requirements. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
49.
    
Microbiological, chemical and sensory effects of pomegranate peel ethanol extract (EE) at 0.1, 0.5 and 1% (w w−1) on refrigerated minced beef meat were undertaken. Chemical analyses revealed that the treated meat underwent significant decrease (P < 0.05) of primary and secondary lipid oxidation. By the end of storage, EE at 1% reduced the MetMb, carbonyl group accumulation and the disappearance of sulphydryl proteins by 56.68, 65.71 and 59.69% respectively, compared with control samples. EE at 1% showed also the highest scores for colour, appearance, odour and overall acceptability (OA) attributes using a 9-point hedonic scale. Chemometric approaches showed that lipid/protein oxidation analysis, sensory attributes and storage time allowed the samples discrimination. Oxidative stability parameters were equally used to predict OA by linear regression analysis. The reported data provide an approach to strengthen the interpretation of sensory quality and how they are affected by chemical changes in newly formulated meat products.  相似文献   
50.
    
The increasing occurrence of cyanobacterial bloom in freshwaters worldwide is of great importance because of public health risks. In addition, they are very likely to have negative impact on ecological and economic aspects. In this study, the seasonal succession of phytoplankton population in Lake Karaoun in Lebanon was monitored from May 2009 to June 2011. The physicochemical parameters of lake water were then monitored for 1 year, from June 2010 until June 2011, to correlate the physicochemical parameters with the phytoplankton population in the lake. Our results showed, for the first time in Lebanon, that the eutrophied Lake Karaoun has been under the invasion of toxic cyanobacterial blooms since May 2009. The cyanobacterial bloom was persistent from late spring (May) until late fall (December) for 2 consecutive years. The high water temperature in the summer season is the main factor that has been affecting the growth of the cyanobacteria. The most frequently encountered bloom‐forming species were Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, which were either present individually or coexistent. The obtained results showed that during the period of cyanobacterial bloom, a deterioration of water quality defined by low levels of dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and electric conductivity was reported. During cyanobacterial bloom period, the concentration of the orthophosphate–P (PO4‐P) was very minimal. The measured high value of chlorophyll‐a concentration during cyanobacterial bloom period (48.6 μg/L) was attributed to high photosynthetic activity. Cyanobacterial blooms can cause a variety of water‐quality problems in Lake Karaoun in addition to human health risk.  相似文献   
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