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51.
Stefan Brandstetter Vincent Carreau Sylvain Maîtrejean Marc Legros 《Microelectronic Engineering》2010,87(3):383-386
The evolution of the grain structure through annealing of narrow damascene Cu interconnects is important for any further design of highly integrated circuits. Here we present a comprehensive transmission electron microscopy study of damascene lines between 80 nm and 3000 nm wide. Experimental results clearly indicate that morphology evolutions through annealing are strongly influenced by the line width. If the lines are wider than 250 nm a strong connection between the grain structure within the lines and the overburden copper is present at least after sufficient annealing. Once the lines are as small as 80 nm the grain structure within the lines are only weakly connected to the overburden copper grown above. 相似文献
52.
Jimin Guo Yunlong Yu Wei Zhu Rita E. Serda Stefan Franco Lu Wang Qi Lei Jacob Ongudi Agola Achraf Noureddine Evelyn Ploetz Stefan Wuttke C. Jeffrey Brinker 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(10):2005935
Bio/artificial hybrid nanosystems based on biological matter and synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) remain a holy grail of materials science. Herein, inspired by the well-defined metal–organic framework (MOF) with diverse chemical diversities, the concept of “armored red blood cells” (armored RBCs) is introduced, which are native RBCs assembled within and protected by a functional exoskeleton of interlinked MOF NPs. Exoskeletons are generated within seconds through MOF NP interlocking based on metal-phenolic coordination and RBC membrane/NP complexation via hydrogen-bonding interactions at the cellular interface. Armored RBC formation is shown to be generalizable to many classes of MOF NPs or any NPs that can be coated by MOF. Moreover, it is found that armored RBCs preserve the original properties of RBCs (such as oxygen carrier capability and good ex ovo/in vivo circulation property) and show enhanced resistance against external stressors (like osmotic pressure, detergent, toxic NPs, and freezing conditions). By modifying the physicochemical properties of MOF NPs, armored RBCs provide the capability for blood nitric oxide sensing or multimodal imaging. The synthesis of armored RBCs is straightforward, reliable, and reversible and hence, represent a new class of hybrid biomaterials with a broad range of functionalities. 相似文献
53.
Using full 3D TCAD, an evaluation of process parameter space of bulk FinFET is presented from the point of view of DRAM, SRAM and I/O applications. Process and device simulations are performed with varying uniform fin doping, anti-punch implant dose and energy, fin width, fin height and gate oxide thickness. Bulk FinFET architecture with anti-punch implant is introduced beneath the channel region to reduce the punch-through and junction leakage. For 30 nm bulk FinFET, anti-punch implant with low energy of 15 to 25 keV and dose of 5.0 × 1013 to 1.0 × 1014 cm−2 is beneficial to effectively suppress the punch-through leakage with reduced GIDL and short channel effects. Our simulations show that bulk FinFETs are approximately independent of back bias effect. With identical fin geometry, bulk FinFETs with anti-punch implant show same ION-IOFF behavior and approximately equal short channel effects like SOI FinFETs. 相似文献
54.
Toroidal Protein Adaptor Assembles Ferrimagnetic Nanoparticle Fibers with Constructive Magnetic Coupling 下载免费PDF全文
Tuan Anh Pham Andreas Schreiber Stefan M. Schiller Helmut Cölfen 《Advanced functional materials》2017,27(7)
Inspired by nature, the synthesis of biohybrid nanocomposites containing inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and biopolymers such as DNA and peptides as templates offers great potential for a wide range of applications. Using selective recognition schemes of 3D protein spaces for the assembly of magnetic nanocrystals is a challenge with great promise in the field of biomedicine and magnetic data storage. Here we apply the toroidal protein Hcp1 as an interparticle connector for the directed molecular assembly and ferrimagnetic coupling of biohybrid cobalt ferrite NP wires. The resulting biohybrid NP composites show bundles of nanofibers ranging from nano‐ to the microscale in length verified by TEM, EDX analysis and focused ion beam cut. Their magnetic characterization reveals an increase of the coercive field (+12%) reaching values of high‐end Nd2Fe14B bulk magnets, enhanced saturation (+28%) and remanence magnetization (+38%) at 2 K compared to NPs lacking the protein connector. Thus, the combination of the nanoscale alignment of magnetic NPs with the molecular precision of the protein connectors leads to constructive addition of the magnetization reversal energy. This approach can be used to control magnetic properties for the design of materials with enhanced coercivity applicable for magnetic data storage, hyperthermia and theranostics. 相似文献
55.
Bite Zhou Thomas R. Bieler Guilin Wu Stefan Zaefferer Tae-Kyu Lee Kuo-Chuan Liu 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2012,41(2):262-272
Melting and solidification of SAC 305 lead-free solder joints in a wafer-level chip-scale package were examined in situ with synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The chips with balls attached (but not assembled to a circuit board) were reflowed one
to three times using a temperature and time history similar to an industrial reflow process. Diffraction patterns from the
same joint were collected every 0.5 s during the melting and solidification process. The solidification of the Sn phase in
the solder joint occurred between 0.5 s and 1 s. During melting, most of the Sn melted in about 0.5 s, but in some cases took
2–5 s for the Sn peak to completely disappear. In one instance, the Sn peak persisted for 30 s. The Ag3Sn peaks dissolved in about 1–2 s, but the Cu6Sn5 peaks from the interface were persistent and did not change throughout the melting and solidification process. Completely
different Sn crystal orientations were always developed upon resolidification. 相似文献
56.
Mingchao Wang Huanhuan Shi Panpan Zhang Zhongquan Liao Mao Wang Haixia Zhong Friedrich Schwotzer Ali Shaygan Nia Ehrenfried Zschech Shengqiang Zhou Stefan Kaskel Renhao Dong Xinliang Feng 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(30)
2D conjugated metal‐organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) are emerging as a novel class of conductive redox‐active materials for electrochemical energy storage. However, developing 2D c‐MOFs as flexible thin‐film electrodes have been largely limited, due to the lack of capability of solution‐processing and integration into nanodevices arising from the rigid powder samples by solvothermal synthesis. Here, the synthesis of phthalocyanine‐based 2D c‐MOF (Ni2[CuPc(NH)8]) nanosheets through ball milling mechanical exfoliation method are reported. The nanosheets feature with average lateral size of ≈160 nm and mean thickness of ≈7 nm (≈10 layers), and exhibit high crystallinity and chemical stability as well as a p‐type semiconducting behavior with mobility of ≈1.5 cm2 V?1 s?1 at room temperature. Benefiting from the ultrathin feature, the nanosheets allow high utilization of active sites and facile solution‐processability. Thus, micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) devices are fabricated mixing Ni2[CuPc(NH)8] nanosheets with exfoliated graphene, which display outstanding cycling stability and a high areal capacitance up to 18.9 mF cm?2; the performance surpasses most of the reported conducting polymers‐based and 2D materials‐based MSCs. 相似文献
57.
The electric field distribution in organic hetero-layer light-emitting devices based on N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphtyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB) and 8-tris-hydroxyquinoline aluminium (Alq3) has been investigated under different bias conditions using capacitance–voltage measurements. Although this method yields primarily information on the differential capacitance, the data give clear evidence for the presence of negative interfacial charges with a density of 6.8×1011e cm−2 at the NPB/Alq3 interface at large reverse bias. This leads to a jump of the electric field at the interface and a non-uniform field distribution in the hetero-layer device. 相似文献
58.
Emission Reduction and Capacity Increase in GSM Networks by Single Antenna Interference Cancellation
Stefan Brueck Hans-Juergen Kettschau Frank Obernosterer 《AEUE-International Journal of Electronics and Communications》2004,58(4):274-283
There is an increasing demand to utilize the frequency spectrum of mobile communication systems most efficiently. This means in particular to GSM networks that the frequency reuse shall be planned as low as possible. In this case the system may become limited by interference rather than coverage. One promising technology for GSM mobiles in interference-limited systems is single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC). This receiver technology allows both for increasing the network capacity and for reducing the base station transmit power. The aim of this paper is to assess the emission reduction as well as the system capacity capabilities when SAIC technology is applied in downlink receivers. 相似文献
59.
Stefan Thiemann Swetlana J. Sachnov Fredrik Pettersson Roger Bollström Ronald Österbacka Peter Wasserscheid Jana Zaumseil 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(5):625-634
A new class of biofriendly ionogels produced by gelation of microcellulose thin films with tailored 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methylphosphonate ionic liquids are demonstrated. The cellulose ionogels show promising properties for application in flexible electronics, such as transparency, flexibility, transferability, and high specific capacitances of 5 to 15 μF cm?2. They can be laminated onto any substrate such as multilayer‐coated paper and act as high capacitance dielectrics for inorganic (spray‐coated ZnO and colloidal ZnO nanorods) and organic (poly[3‐hexylthiophene], P3HT) electrolyte‐gated field‐effect transistors (FETs), that operate at very low voltages (<2 V). Field‐effect mobilities in ionogel‐gated spray‐coated ZnO FETs reach 75 cm2 V?1 s?1 and a typical increase of mobility with decreasing specific capacitance of the ionogel is observed. Solution‐processed, colloidal ZnO nanorods and laminated cellulose ionogels enable the fabrication of the first electrolyte‐gated, flexible circuits on paper, which operate at bending radii down to 1.1 mm. 相似文献
60.
Jan Brückner Sören Thieme Falko Böttger‐Hiller Ingolf Bauer Hannah Tamara Grossmann Patrick Strubel Holger Althues Stefan Spange Stefan Kaskel 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(9):1284-1289
The lithium sulfur battery system has been studied since the late 1970s and has seen renewed interest in recent years. However, even after three decades of intensive research, prolonged cycling can only be achieved when a large excess of electrolyte and lithium is used. Here, for the first time, a balanced and stable lithium sulfur full cell is demonstrated with silicon–carbon as well as all‐carbon anodes. More than 1000 cycles, a specific capacity up to 1470 mAh g?1 sulfur (720 mAh g?1 cathode), and a high coulombic efficiency of over 99% even with a low amount of electrolyte are achieved. The alternative anodes do not suffer from electrolyte depletion, which is found to be the main cause of cell failure when using metallic lithium anodes. 相似文献