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101.
Jewgenij Botaschanjan Manfred Broy Alexander Gruler Alexander Harhurin Steffen Knapp Leonid Kof Wolfgang Paul Maria Spichkova 《Formal Aspects of Computing》2008,20(6):637-662
Formal verification of software systems is a challenge that is particularly important in the area of safety-critical automotive systems. Here, approaches like direct code verification are far too complicated, unless the verification is restricted to small textbook examples. Furthermore, the verification of application logic is of limited use in industrial context, unless the underlying operating system and the hardware are verified, too. This paper introduces a generic model stack, allowing the verification of all system layers as well as the concrete application models being used in the upper layers. The presented models and proofs close the gap between the correctness proof for the lower layers of car electronics developed at the Saarland University and the verification procedure for distributed applications developed at the Technische Universität München. 相似文献
102.
Ulrich Furbach Steffen Hölldobler Joachim Schreiber 《Journal of Automated Reasoning》1989,5(3):309-337
A language of equational programs together with an inference system, based on paramodulation is defined. The semantics of the language is given with respect to least models, least fixpoints and success sets and its soundness and completeness is proven using fixpoint theory. The necessity of the functional reflexive axioms is investigated in detail. Finally, the application of these ideas to term rewriting systems is outlined by discussing directed paramodulation and narrowing. 相似文献
103.
104.
While strongly recommended by economists, it has often been politically difficult to impose taxes on externalities. There is a substantial literature on public attitudes towards environmental taxes. There has, however, been few comprehensive attempts to understand attitudes towards environmental taxes. 相似文献
105.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Anette Müller Steffen Liebezeit Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Palzer 《化学,工程师,技术》2023,95(10):1640-1646
The possibility of using heterogeneous construction waste such as masonry rubble as a raw material for the production of lightweight aggregates similar to expanded clays or even pumice has already been reported earlier. This approach has been consistently pursued. As a current aspect, the extent to which gypsum-containing masonry rubble is also suitable as a raw material was investigated. This not only avoids (expensive) landfilling of this material, but at the same time makes a contribution to at least partially filling the “gypsum gap” created by the elimination of flue gas desulfurization gypsum. The first part of this publication reports on laboratory-scale tests. The second part focuses on testing the process in the pilot plant. 相似文献
106.
Tasha Yuliandra Konstantina Touvleliou Xavier de la Torre Francesco Botrè Steffen Loke Eduard Isenmann Sarah Valder Patrick Diel Maria Kristina Parr 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2023,67(14):2200518
Scope
The phytosteroid ecdysterone is present in spinach. In this study, the urinary elimination of ecdysterone and its metabolites in humans is investigated following spinach consumption of two different culinary preparations.Methods and results
Eight participants (four males, four females) ingested 950 (27.1) g sautéed spinach (average [±standard deviation (SD)]) and 912 (70.6) g spinach smoothie as second intervention after washout. Post-administration urines are analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After intake of both preparations, ecdysterone and two metabolites, 14-deoxy-ecdysterone, and 14-deoxy-poststerone, are excreted in urine. The maximum concentration of ecdysterone is ranging from 0.09 to 0.41 µg mL−1 after sautéed spinach and 0.08–0.74 µg mL−1 after smoothie ingestion. The total excreted amount (mean% [±SD]) in the urine as a parent drug plus the metabolites is only 1.4 (1.0) for both sautéed spinach and smoothie. The apparent sex related differences in 14-deoxy-poststerone excretion will need further investigations.Conclusion
Only a small proportion of ecdysterone from spinach is excreted into urine. No significant differences are found in concentration and recovered amount (%) of ecdysterone, 14-deoxy-ecdysterone, and 14-deoxy-poststerone in urine between sautéed spinach and smoothie ingestion. A discrimination between ecdysterone from food or preparations will be challenging based on urinary concentrations only, at least for later post-administration samples. 相似文献107.
Zschaler Steffen Bousse Erwan Deantoni Julien Combemale Benoit 《Software and Systems Modeling》2023,22(4):1319-1340
Software and Systems Modeling - Recent results in language engineering simplify the development of tool-supported executable domain-specific modeling languages (xDSMLs), including editing (e.g.,... 相似文献
108.
Process development and accurate low‐cost characterization for OLED sealants by using a calcium test
Steffen Hergert Max Linkor Markus Korny Norbert Fruehauf 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2007,15(6):421-429
Abstract— A calcium measurement setup was built for testing encapsulation especially for OLED applications. This setup is able to measure both reflective and transmissive cells. For the characterization of sealants, a method to compare them with other sealing products will be described. This includes the use of spacers, a homogeneous surface energy, and the geometry of the sealant line. The effects of different geometries will be discussed. The setup was designed to achieve good accuracy at a very reasonable component cost, which will allow other facilities to replicate this setup. Therefore, the construction plan as well as the list of components can be downloaded from our website (Ref. 3). 相似文献
109.
In language learning, strong relationships between Gold-style models and query models have recently been observed: in some quite general setting Gold-style learners can be replaced by query learners and vice versa, without loss of learning capabilities. These ‘equalities’ hold in the context of learning indexable classes of recursive languages. 相似文献
110.
Landsiedel Justus Root Waleri Schramm Christian Menzel Alexander Witzleben Steffen Bechtold Thomas Pham Tung 《Nano Research》2020,13(10):2658-2664
Nano Research - Development of colored surfaces by formation of nano-structured aggregates is a widely used strategy in nature to color lightweight structures (e.g. butterflies) without the use of... 相似文献