Sättigungszustände und Entmischung in kalkreichen,flüssigen Schlacken der Stahlerzeugung bei 1600°C

Verlauf der Sättigungsflächen für Kalkmischkristalle, Kalksilicate und -phosphate sowie der Mischungslücke im Gleichgewicht mit flüssigem Eisen im Quasivierstoffsystem CaO'–FeO'_ges. –P₂O₅'–SiO₂'.     

Routine immunization of infants in the Canton of Zurich

At present there is a shortage of data regarding the rate of routine immunization in Swiss children. To address this deficit, a representative cross sectional study was conducted in the Canton of Zurich with 210 children aged between 24 and 36 months. Data was taken from the individual official vaccination certificates. 178 vaccination certificates (55.1% female and 44.9% male) were evaluated, corresponding to a response rate of 84.8%. With children of foreign nationalities, the response rate was 66.7%, whereas the response rate of Swiss children was 90.6% (p < 0.001). The response rate of children of a European nationality outside the European Union was especially poor (33.3%). The immunization rate with three doses of diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis vaccines was 99.4%, and that of the pertussis vaccine was 93.3%. With the vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella the rates were 80.3%, 78.1% and 77.5% respectively. Vaccination rate against Haemophilus influenzae type B was 74.7% with two doses, and 61.2% with three doses. The timing and the number of doses of the vaccines used for infants in the Canton of Zurich were satisfactory. However, the vaccination rate for measles, mumps and rubella is inadequate. Attention should be paid to this problem and also to possible insufficient care of foreign children.     

基于基塘系统的珠江三角洲多尺度水敏设计研究

珠江三角洲是位于中国东南部以河流为主导的洪泛平原。由于堤防建设、河流渠化和城市化带来纳水空间的减少,珠江三角洲地区的河流、雨水和海洋所引起的洪水风险增加。为了防范洪水风险,需要采取更具适应性的城市化战略,在考虑多尺度研究视角的同时,重视珠江三角洲传统水利方法(即生态农业),例如利用传统水管理方法的基塘系统。确定基于该地区传统水陆混合农业实践的多尺度水敏设计的景观设计原则。顺德地区地处珠江三角洲西江和北江之间洪水易发的低地,这种传统水陆混合农业系统已经有着悠久的历史并促使其形成了与水共生的传统。通过学习传统的水陆混合农业实践,发现新的设计原则,从而减轻洪水风险,同时促进可持续的城市化。这种新的方法将不仅服务于顺德区,而且包括整个珠江三角洲,以增加对于洪水的适应性。     

Geschichtliche Entwicklung und aktuelle Praxis der Probebelastung — Teil 1: Geschichtliche Entwicklung im 19. und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts

Seit der Urzeit sind Menschen bestrebt, in allen Bereichen ihres Lebens ein möglichst großes Maß an Sicherheit zu erreichen. Für das Bauwesen gilt das in ganz besonderer Weise, denn das Versagen von Bauwerken ist in der Gesellschaft viel weniger akzeptiert, als zum Beispiel das Versagen von Kraftfahrzeugen oder elektronischen Geräten. Speziell empfinden wir das Gefühl von Sicherheit, wenn wir “wissen“ oder “sehen“, dass Bauteile den entsprechenden Lasten standhalten. Deshalb stellten Probebelastungen bis ins 19. und 20. Jahrhundert den ultimativen Nachweis der Tragsicherheit für Bauteile und Bauwerke dar. Besonders die Stahlbetonbauweise konnte sich in ihren Anfangsjahren nur deshalb durchsetzen, weil ihre Leistungsfähigkeit durch vielfältige Belastungsproben gegenüber einer großen Öffentlichkeit wirkungsvoll bewiesen wurde. Historical development and current practise of load tests in situ — part 1: historical development in the 19th and at the begin of the 20th century. Since prehistoric times people are striving to achieve the largest possible range of safety in all areas of their lives. For the construction industry this is important in a very special way, because the failure of structures is much less accepted in society, as for example the failure of motor vehicles or electronic devices. We especially feel a sense of security if we really “know“ or “see“ that components can withstand the appropriate loads. Therefore, load tests represented the ultimate proof of the safety of components and structures during the 19th and 20th Century. Especially, reinforced concrete could prevail in its early years only because its performance has been proven effective by a multitude of load tests to a wide public.     

New Restaurant Concept Relies on Ozone,UV Radiation,Ultrasound and Modified Air Packaging

With the development of the new Swiss Ventafresh technology (Steffen, 2007 Steffen, H.P. April 2-4 2007. Presentation of the VENTAFRESH Disinfection and Packing Technology in Several Food Processing Applications, April 2-4, Fresno, CA: Proc. Intl. Water Technology Conference and OZONE V. Session D, paper 4 [Google Scholar]; Steffen et al., 2007a,b) that produces edible, packaged foods having much longer shelf-lives than are available by current technologies, new vistas in food service and restaurant service have become available. About 170 km outside of Madrid is a new food processing and packaging plant. Raw foodstuffs (spices, fruits, meats, vegetables, rice, potatoes, pasta, salads, etc.) are delivered to this plant where they are washed (in ozone-containing water), peeled, sliced, etc. Microwaveable packing trays are filled with ingredients of a complete meal and then sealed with a microwaveable plastic film (sometimes with modified atmospheres). Both the packing trays and the sealing film are disinfected using combinations of ozone and UV radiation. Individual meals are prepared and packaged, but are not precooked, then are delivered to five (currently) Crono Chef restaurants strategically located throughout Madrid (www.crono.tv). There are only waiters/waitresses. A customer entering a Crono Chef restaurant is seated, offered the usual libations, and given a menu of the meals stocked?–?in refrigerators, not frozen. The customer's selection is cooked fresh in one of many microwave ovens on the premises. Cheese and/or desserts follow, along with the usual after-dinner drinks, if desired. This new concept in food delivery can be extended to food service for large institutions, e.g., military installations, sporting events, hospitals, elder care facilities, schools, prisons, highway restaurants, and is available for franchising.     

Conformationally pre-organized and pH-responsive flat dendrons: synthesis and self-assembly at the liquid-solid interface

Efficient Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions have been used to prepare two series of three regioisomers of G-1 and G-2 poly(triazole-pyridine) dendrons. The G-1 and G-2 dendrons consist of branched yet conformationally pre-organized 2,6-bis(phenyl/pyridyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (BPTP) monomeric and trimeric cores, respectively, carrying one focal and either two or four peripheral alkyl side chains. In the solid state, the conformation and supramolecular organization were studied by means of a single crystal X-ray structure analysis of one derivative. At the liquid-solid interface, the self-assembly behavior was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on graphite surfaces. Based on the observed supramolecular organization, it appears that the subtle balance between conformational preferences inherent in the dendritic backbone on the one side and the adsorption and packing of the alkyl side chains on the graphite substrate on the other side dictate the overall structure formation in 2D.     

1D nanofabrication with a micrometer-sized laser spot

A simple laser-assisted procedure for the fabrication of functional organic nanostructures is demonstrated. Native silicon samples are coated with alkylsiloxane monolayers and patterned with a focused beam of an Ar(+) laser (lambda = 514 nm). After patterning, the coating is chemically functionalized following a robust preparation scheme. Despite a laser spot diameter of about 2.5 mum, this routine allows for the fabrication of well-confined organosiloxane stripes with widths below 100 nm. As shown, these structures provide a versatile means for building ordered surface architectures of nanoscopic components. In particular, gold nanoparticles (d = 16 nm) self-assemble into one-dimensional arrangements, such as single chains.     

Modeling the characteristics of multi-technology platforms

Multi-technology platforms are an emerging and promising production technology. However, until now the conditions are unclear under which value creation with multi-technology platforms can be carried out more efficiently than with a system of stand-alone machines. This paper derives characteristic thresholds mathematically that describe points of equal advantageousness of both alternatives in terms of lot size and number of processes required to machine the workpiece. It is found that the progression of the characteristic thresholds is describable by three characteristic figures χ, ρ and ω. The findings emphasize the necessity of a significant reduction of processing times on multi-technology platforms.     

Measurement and simulation of vibrations of PV‐modules induced by dynamic mechanical loads

The dynamic behavior of PV‐modules is analyzed by different methods. Outdoor measurements of the deflection show their dynamic behavior under wind loads and the correlation between wind velocity and mechanical deflection. Indoor tests were performed with acoustic excitation of the modules with monitoring of the deflection. The frequency range of the resonance frequencies of different modules was between 10 and 100 Hz. Numerical calculations, based on FEM‐modeling, yielded a very good agreement with the experimental results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.