EDV-Anlagen als technische Hilfsmittel für das rechnerunterstützte Projektieren und Konstruieren

Rechnerkonfigurationen. Voraussetzungen für den Einsatz von EDV-Anlagen. Eigenschaften und Möglichkeiten der Universalrechner. Grundstruktur einer EDV-Anlage für das Projektieren und Konstruieren. Interaktives, graphisches Rechnersystem des Rechenzentrums der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen. Neuzeitliche Rechnerkonfigurationen mit Bildschirmgerät, Plotter, COM-Anlage und Digitalisierer.     

Cubic equations of state for transport properties: An equation for the thermal conductivity of oxygen

A scheme for the development of equations for the transport properties in terms of pressure and temperature, so-called transport equations of state, is presented. The surfaces of transport properties and density as a function of pressure and temperature reveal similarities, which become even more evident when the residual transport property as a function of pressure and temperature is considered. Even the spinodals of transport and thermal properties coincide in the p, T plane, as can be shown mathematically and as was already empirically found for water and oxygen. Based on these similarities a cubic transport equation of state is evaluated for the residual thermal conductivity of oxygen. The new equation is only a little less accurate than the already established virial transport equation of state for oxygen. It is, however, much simpler and needs only a few parameters. The accuracy is still good enough for practical applications. The results demonstrate that cubic equations of state can describe transport properties and are a basis for generalized estimation methods for the transport properties of fluids.     

Information feedback for skill acquisition: Instantaneous knowledge of results degrades learning.

The role of acquired error-detection capabilities in skill learning was investigated by manipulating the delay of knowledge of results (KR). Compared with delayed feedback, instantaneous KR should be detrimental to the learning of error-detection capabilities because it should tend to block spontaneous subjective evaluation of response-produced feedback. Weaker error-detection capabilities should then be evident on delayed no-KR retention tests. During acquisition, one group of subjects received KR after a delay of a few seconds while another group received KR instantaneously; then both were evaluated on several retention tests. Using a timing task with two reversals in direction (Experiment 1) and a coincident-timing task (Experiment 2), we found that, relative to delayed feedback, instantaneous KR degraded learning as measured on delayed retention tests. Although the KR-delay interval has traditionally been considered of minor importance for skill learning, the present findings suggest that very short KR-delays interfere with learning, perhaps by degrading the acquisition of error-detection capabilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Substrate specificity in plasmalogen biosynthesis. Desaturation of 1-O-hexadecyloxyethyl-2-acylglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in developing rat brain

1-O-[1'-14C]Hexadecyloxyethyl rac-glycerol was administered to 18-day-old rats by intracerebral injection, and incorporation of radioactivity into the brain lipids was determined after 6, 24 and 48 h. Some of the substrate was catabolized by oxidative cleavage of either of the two ether bonds. Cleavage in the hexadecyloxyethyl moiety yielded labeled palmitic acid, whereas oxidative cleaveage of the glycol glycerol ether bond produced O-hexadecyl glycolic acid. The substrate was also incorporated as such into both ethanolamine and choline phospholipids. Evidence is presented for the desaturation by rat brain of 1-O-hexadecyloxyethyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine to the plasmalogen analogue, while the corresponding choline phospholipid was not desaturated.     

VIEWER: a program for visualising, recording, and analysing animal behaviour.

In order to determine the influence of environmental interventions, medical substances, drugs, or diseases on an animal, it is a common to observe the behaviour of the animal in the open field or in other environments. Changes in animal behaviour can be the first indicators for an influence of a substance or an intervention on the organism and certain kinds of behavioural changes can permit speculations about the underlying physiological mechanisms. Behavioural properties which are of interest in this respect are movement parameters such as velocity or direction, activity patterns, spatial distribution and occurrence of several types of standard behaviours of an animal. Observation of simple behaviours such as determining the average activity level can help to detect general changes of the internal state of an animal, while changes in complex behaviours may point to specific influences of a substance or an intervention. Our system 'VIEWER' uses a microcomputer (IBM-compatible PC running WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, WINDOWS NT, or WINDOWS 2000), a low budget framegrabber card (e.g. WinTV, Hauppauge) and a standard black-and-white video camera (if necessary with infrared sensitivity). The software records the position of the animal online with a sample rate of up to 25 frames/s. After identification of the animal in the arena, animal location and orientation with respect to time is determined. In addition, movement velocity and direction, general activity level, and several other behavioural parameters which can include complex behavioural patterns are processed online. Data are presented as graphics and/or tables. Results may also be exported into those programs that are capable of importing graphics (wmf or bmp format) or ASCII-files. VIEWER offers an inexpensive, fast and easy way for analysing simple and complex behaviours of many species of animals in a variety of behavioural situations.     

History of absorption heat pumps and working pair developments in EuropeHistorique des pompes à chaleur à absorption et du développement des mélanges binaires en Europe

A historical review of absorption heat pumps dating back to the work of Nairne in 1777 is presented. Special mention is made of the contributions of Carré and Altenkirch. Both continuous and intermittently operating systems are covered together with the use of both solid and liquid solvents.     

Mass spectrometric analysis of long chain alk-1-enyl ether esters and alkyl ether esters of diols

The mass spectra of homologous series of long chain alk-1-enyl ether esters and alkyl ether esters of short chain diols were determined, and general patterns of fragmentation were established. Both types of diol lipids yielded ions characteristic of the alkoxy or alk-1-enyloxy moiety and the acyl moiety, as well as ions indicative of the constituent short chain diol. Prominent ions were formed from both types of ether esters due to the loss of the alkoxy or alk-1-enyloxy moieties giving rise to ions for which cyclic structures are proposed. High resolution mass spectrometry and deuterium labeling techniques were used to verify the composition of ions and to substantiate fragmentation mechanisms. This is part VII in the series “Naturally Occurring Diol Lipids” (part VI is Reference 1) and part VIII in the series “Mass Spectrometry of Lipids” (part VII is Reference 23).