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31.
A perceived limitation of evolutionary art and design algorithms is that they rely on human intervention; the artist selects
the most aesthetically pleasing variants of one generation to produce the next. This paper discusses how computer generated
art and design can become more creatively human-like with respect to both process and outcome. As an example of a step in
this direction, we present an algorithm that overcomes the above limitation by employing an automatic fitness function. The
goal is to evolve abstract portraits of Darwin, using our 2nd generation fitness function which rewards genomes that not just
produce a likeness of Darwin but exhibit certain strategies characteristic of human artists. We note that in human creativity,
change is less choosing amongst randomly generated variants and more capitalizing on the associative structure of a conceptual
network to hone in on a vision. We discuss how to achieve this fluidity algorithmically.
相似文献
Liane GaboraEmail: |
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Ivona Kafedjiska Igal Levine Artem Musiienko Natalia Maticiuc Tobias Bertram Amran Al-Ashouri Christian A. Kaufmann Steve Albrecht Rutger Schlatmann Iver Lauermann 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(34):2302924
The performance of five hole-transporting layers (HTLs) is investigated in both single-junction perovskite and Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGSe)-perovskite tandem solar cells: nickel oxide (NiOx,), copper-doped nickel oxide (NiOx:Cu), NiOx+SAM, NiOx:Cu+SAM, and SAM, where SAM is the [2-(3,-6Dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) self-assembled monolayer. The performance of the devices is correlated to the charge-carrier dynamics at the HTL/perovskite interface and the limiting factors of these HTLs are analyzed by performing time-resolved and absolute photoluminescence ((Tr)PL), transient surface photovoltage (tr-SPV), and X-ray/UV photoemission spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) measurements on indium tin oxide (ITO)/HTL/perovskite and CIGSe/HTL/perovskite stacks. A high quasi-Fermi level splitting to open-circuit (QFLS-Voc) deficit is detected for the NiOx-based devices, attributed to electron trapping and poor hole extraction at the NiOx-perovskite interface and a low carrier effective lifetime in the bulk of the perovskite. Simultaneously, doping the NiOx with 2% Cu and passivating its surface with MeO-2PACz suppresses the electron trapping, enhances the holes extraction, reduces the non-radiative interfacial recombination, and improves the band alignment. Due to this superior interfacial charge-carrier dynamics, NiOx:Cu+SAM is found to be the most suitable HTL for the monolithic CIGSe-perovskite tandem devices, enabling a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4%, Voc of 1.72V, and a fill factor (FF) of 71%, while the remaining four HTLs suffer from prominent Voc and FF losses. 相似文献
34.
Ferreira N Lins L Fink D Kelling S Wood C Freire J Silva C 《IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics》2011,17(12):2374-2383
Birds are unrivaled windows into biotic processes at all levels and are proven indicators of ecological well-being. Understanding the determinants of species distributions and their dynamics is an important aspect of ecology and is critical for conservation and management. Through crowdsourcing, since 2002, the eBird project has been collecting bird observation records. These observations, together with local-scale environmental covariates such as climate, habitat, and vegetation phenology have been a valuable resource for a global community of educators, land managers, ornithologists, and conservation biologists. By associating environmental inputs with observed patterns of bird occurrence, predictive models have been developed that provide a statistical framework to harness available data for predicting species distributions and making inferences about species-habitat associations. Understanding these models, however, is challenging because they require scientists to quantify and compare multiscale spatialtemporal patterns. A large series of coordinated or sequential plots must be generated, individually programmed, and manually composed for analysis. This hampers the exploration and is a barrier to making the cross-species comparisons that are essential for coordinating conservation and extracting important ecological information. To address these limitations, as part of a collaboration among computer scientists, statisticians, biologists and ornithologists, we have developed BirdVis, an interactive visualization system that supports the analysis of spatio-temporal bird distribution models. BirdVis leverages visualization techniques and uses them in a novel way to better assist users in the exploration of interdependencies among model parameters. Furthermore, the system allows for comparative visualization through coordinated views, providing an intuitive interface to identify relevant correlations and patterns. We justify our design decisions and present case studies that show how BirdVis has helped scientists obtain new evidence for existing hypotheses, as well as formulate new hypotheses in their domain. 相似文献
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Steve Phelps Peter McBurney Simon Parsons 《Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems》2010,21(2):237-264
The advent of large-scale distributed systems poses unique engineering challenges. In open systems such as the internet it
is not possible to prescribe the behaviour of all of the components of the system in advance. Rather, we attempt to design
infrastructure, such as network protocols, in such a way that the overall system is robust despite the fact that numerous
arbitrary, non-certified, third-party components can connect to our system. Economists have long understood this issue, since
it is analogous to the design of the rules governing auctions and other marketplaces, in which we attempt to achieve socially-desirable
outcomes despite the impossibility of prescribing the exact behaviour of the market participants, who may attempt to subvert
the market for their own personal gain. This field is known as “mechanism design”: the science of designing rules of a game
to achieve a specific outcome, even though each participant may be self-interested. Although it originated in economics, mechanism
design has become an important foundation of multi-agent systems (MAS) research. In a traditional mechanism design problem,
analytical methods are used to prove that agents’ game-theoretically optimal strategies lead to socially desirable outcomes.
In many scenarios, traditional mechanism design and auction theory yield clear-cut results; however, there are many situations
in which the underlying assumptions of the theory are violated due to the messiness of the real-world. In this paper we review
alternative approaches to mechanism design which treat it as an engineering problem and bring to bear engineering design principles, viz.: iterative step-wise refinement of solutions, and satisficing
instead of optimization in the face of intractable complexity. We categorize these approaches under the banner of evolutionary mechanism design. 相似文献
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Mobile robotic systems must sense constraints imposed by a dynamically changing environment and predictably react to those changes in real-time. Complexity arises in mobile robotic systems because the computing platform travels through the environment with which the system is interacting. These systems have spatio-temporal requirements in the sense that correct behavior is defined in terms of both space and time. The focus of this paper is mobile robotic platforms that must sense their environment and avoid obstacles as they navigate from one point to another. We present a design and analysis methodology for these platforms that integrates spatio-temporal attributes with fixed priority real-time scheduling through the use of zone and processing window abstractions. 相似文献
39.
Investment in information technology is steadily increasing, but many organizations find it difficult to formally assess the value of IT investments because the latter are often incorporated into broad management initiatives. the authors believe that the results of the research study reported on here can help firms to develop a better understanding of the dynamic relationship between IT investment and performance at both the firm and industry levels of analysis. This study clearly demonstrates the importance of adopting an organizational change perspective when assessing the impact of IT investment on firm performance. 相似文献
40.
Securing Wireless Mesh Networks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Now found in domestic, commercial, industrial, military, and healthcare applications, wireless networks are becoming ubiquitous. Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) combine the robustness and performance of conventional infrastructure networks with the large service area and self-organizing and self-healing properties of mobile ad hoc networks. In this article, the authors consider the problem of ensuring security in WMNs, introduce the IEEE 802.11s draft standard, and discuss the open security threats faced at the network and data-link layers. 相似文献