Typicality effects in attitudes toward social policies: A concept-mapping approach.

Social typicality effects occur when people apply their attitudes more consistently toward typical than toward atypical category members presumably because attitudes are directed toward the prototypic category member. Four studies tested whether individuals also apply social policy attitudes more consistently toward typical than toward atypical persons affected by the policy. Study 1 used attitude concept maps to assess how extensively individuals spontaneously reference the typical person affected by a social policy. Death penalty proponents did so more than did opponents; welfare proponents and opponents did so equally. In 3 other studies, death penalty proponents displayed greater typicality effects in sentencing "convicted murderers" than did opponents, welfare proponents and opponents displayed equal typicality effects in evaluating cases of suspected welfare fraud, and individuals whose attitude concept maps about welfare referred more to persons displayed greater typicality effects than did individuals whose maps referred more to principles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Spatial filtering during visual search: Evidence from human electrophysiology.

The identification of targets in visual search arrays may be improved by suppressing competing information from the surrounding distractor items. The present study provided evidence that this hypothetical filtering process has a neural correlate, the N2pc component of the event-related potential waveform. The N2pc was observed when a target item was surrounded by competing distractor items but was absent when the array could be rejected as a nontarget on the basis of simple feature information. In addition, the N2pc was eliminated when filtering was discouraged by removing the distractor items, making the distractors relevant, or making all items within an array identical. Combined with previous topographic analyses, these results suggest that attentional filtering occurs in occipital cortex under the control of feedback from higher cortical regions after a preliminary feature-based analysis of the stimulus array. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

如何有效激励研发人员

研发人员要捣起鬼来,再精明的老板恐怕也拿他们没有办法.因为研发项目存在大量的不确定性,老板在管理研发人员时一般都是外行管理内行,研发人员可以随意地拿出几个技术问题甚至技术术语将老板弄得干着急."创新嘛,总有很多不确定性,因此我们无法制定准确的计划.譬如说,爱迪生能事先知道何时能够发明灯泡吗?牛顿能够预知他何时能够发现万有引力吗?……"我想,这些话说出来能将老板们噎得背过气去."技术问题"成了研发人员的免死牌.如果老板本身就是技术高手,这些问题可能少一些,但企业也可能面临更大的问题.     

一种用于开关电源启动电路的新型自偏置高压器件结构

设计了一种新的用于离线式集成开关电源启动电路的自偏置高压器件结构.对一个RESURF高压(功率)器件的此种自偏置方法进行了原理分析和仿真模拟.采用该结构集成开关电源的启动电路可以节省芯片面积,降低电路功耗,易于控制且可提供较大的芯片内部电源电压.     

基于"替换法"的汉字加、解密实现技术

文章讨论的基于“替换法”的汉字信息加、解密实现技术,改变了传统的汉字加密结果,使加密后的密文仍是可以识别和再利用的汉字,发送者可以在任何可编辑汉字的通讯设备上发送和接收密文,确保中文信息传输过程中的安全性。加、解密算法实现的代码语言为VFP6.0。     

机载隐蔽式短波天线研究

给出了一种用于Y7—200A运输机的隐蔽式短波天线，该天线为位于飞机垂尾前缘的回线天线，与飞机的外形共形，不影响飞机的飞行性能。在利用传输线理论与缝隙天线理论对该天线进行分析的基础上，对输入阻抗、天线与天线调谐器结合后的天线效率进行了研究，给出了该天线与KHF950电台相配合的测试试验结果，该天线能够在2．5MHz到30MHZ范围内与KHF950电台良好调谐，表明这种天线完全可以用于Y7—200A型飞机，代替原有的钢索天线。这是在国产飞机上首次使用这种天线。     

Microwave heating synthesis of HgS and PbS nanocrystals in ethanol solvent

A novel route was developed to prepare PbS and HgS nanocrystals in ethanol solvent in the presence of sodium hydroxide by microwave heating method. PbS and HgS nanocrystals were obtained with an average size of approximately 10 and 6 nm, respectively. In the reaction, mercury acetate and lead acetate were used as mercury and lead source; sulfur powder was employed as chalcogenide source. The products were characterized by X-ray powder analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The probable mechanism was presented.     

Analytical solution for the axisymmetric plane strain electroelastic dynamics of a special non-homogeneous piezoelectric hollow cylinder

By virtue of the introduction of a dependent variable and the separation of variables technique, the axisymmetric plane strain electroelastic dynamic problem of a special non-homogeneous piezoelectric hollow cylinder is transformed to a Volterra integral equation of the second kind about a function with respect to time, which can be solved successfully by means of the interpolation method. Then the solutions of displacements, stresses, electric displacements and electric potential are obtained. The present method is suitable for a piezoelectric hollow cylinder with an arbitrary thickness subjected to arbitrary mechanical and electrical loads. Numerical results are finally presented.     

Selective oxidation of alcohols using octahedral molecular sieves: influence of synthesis method and property–activity relations

Manganese oxides having a tunnel structure (OMS-2) have been utilized as selective catalysts for alcohol oxidation. In this study manganese oxide catalysts were synthesized in different media and modified by exchanging the tunnel cation by H⁺, using acid treatment or exchanging with NH₄⁺ followed by thermolysis. Various alcohol oxidations were performed using these catalysts to ascertain the influence of synthesis method on their activity. A correlation is made between lattice oxygen instability and activity of the catalysts, which indicates involvement of the lattice oxygen in the mechanism. The exchange of the tunnel cation with the smaller H⁺ ions leads to weakening of the Mn–O bond, as verified by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) results. Only the chemisorbed oxygen on the surface (O⁻) and the lattice oxygen in the layers close to the surface is involved in the oxygen transfer during the reaction.     

The Self and Object Representations of Narcissistically Disturbed Children: An Empirical Investigation.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate a correlation between the clinical assessment of narcissistic personality disorder in children and underlying self and object relationships. D. Westen's Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale for the Thematic Apperception Test (1995; D. Westen, N. Lohr, K. Silk, K. Kerber, & S. Goodrich, 1985) was used to compare the object representations of two groups of referred latency-aged children, one for whom narcissistic issues were thought to be primary. Support for the clinical literature, which describes these children as lacking in empathy, struggling with self-esteem regulation, and in poor control of their impulses or aggression, was found. Additionally, a tendency to have a vulnerable sense of identity and to be preoccupied with seeking out and developing relationships with others was found to differentiate these children from peers with similar behavioral and diagnostic profiles. Results obtained have potential implications for the assessment and treatment of narcissistically disturbed children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)