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101.
102.
103.
Lizhengli Peng Mark G. Stewart Robert E. Melchers 《Structure and Infrastructure Engineering》2017,13(8):988-1001
The deterioration of marine steel infrastructure caused by corrosion may be influenced by a changing climate and/or pollution level which may lead to its serviceability and structural failure. However, almost all corrosion research until recently assumed time-invariant environmental conditions. A structural reliability analysis is applied here to simulate steel sheet piles in sea water conditions under a changing environment. Corrosion of marine steel infrastructure is modelled as a spatial time-dependent process including sea water temperature and sea level rise due to global warming and dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration increase caused by pollution. The steel sheet piles are divided vertically into 70 elements to consider the spatial variability of different corrosion zones and sea level rise effects. Two limit states are considered: (i) stress of steel sheet piles reaches their yield stress and (ii) pitting corrosion perforation to provide an alert to repair or maintenance. The results show that ignoring the effects of a changing environment can underestimate structural capacity failure risks, and pollution will have a more significant effect on capacity of steel sheet piles than sea water temperature and sea level rise caused by global warming. 相似文献
104.
Sai Wang Bang‐Ke Luo Ying‐Jun Qin Lin‐Hui Su Simon D. Stewart Tuan‐Tuan Wang Jin‐Peng Tang Bai‐Dong He Jin‐Hua Zhang Hsing‐Juh Lin Yang Yang 《河流研究与利用》2020,36(7):1124-1136
Understanding the trophic discrimination (?13C and ?15N) between consumers and diets in fluvial systems remains difficult because of the variable food sources and complex predator–prey interactions from headwaters to the estuaries. Here, stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in fish and invertebrates from a large subtropical river in southern China were determined to explore trophic discrimination in conjunction with a gut content analysis. The ?13C values showed significant differences (p < .05) among functional feeding groups, with fish, shrimp, and insect scrapers presenting higher ?13C values (1.20 ± 0.23‰ to 1.51 ± 0.31‰) than other groups. The ?15N values varied significantly between invertebrates (0.64 ± 0.17‰ of insect collector‐gatherers to 1.63 ± 0.36‰ of shrimp predators) and fish (1.98 ± 0.19‰ of detritivores to 2.71 ± 0.43‰ of crustaceavores) and exhibited an increasing tendency from primary to secondary consumers. A linear regression analysis revealed that the longitudinal changes in ?13C and ?15N were closely associated with the δ13C of periphyton, the δ15N of particulate organic matter (POM) in water, and the relative contribution (%) of periphyton and organic detritus to the diet composition of consumers. These results indicated that discrimination factors might not only be influenced by the isotope signatures of basal food sources but also downstream shifts in dominant food items utilized by consumers. In particular, trophic discrimination between periphyton– and detritus–based food chains, such as “epilithic diatoms–shrimp scrapers–crustaceavorous fish” and “POM–bivalves–molluscivorous fish,” displayed regionally specific patterns. When back‐calculating to the diet assimilation and trophic position in subtropical streams and rivers, we suggest using the basin‐scale ?13C value of 0.96 ± 0.26‰ for all consumers and ?15N values of 1.07 ± 0.32‰ for invertebrates and 2.38 ± 0.37‰ for fish. 相似文献
105.
Stewart Jennifer L.; Bismark Andrew W.; Towers David N.; Coan James A.; Allen John J. B. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2010,119(3):502
Resting frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) asymmetry has been hypothesized as a marker of risk for major depressive disorder (MDD), but the extant literature is based predominately on female samples. Resting frontal asymmetry was assessed on 4 occasions within a 2-week period in 306 individuals aged 18–34 (31% male) with (n = 143) and without (n = 163) lifetime MDD as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Lifetime MDD was linked to relatively less left frontal activity for both sexes using a current source density (CSD) reference, findings that were not accounted for solely by current MDD status or current depression severity, suggesting that CSD-referenced EEG asymmetry is a possible endophenotype for depression. In contrast, results for average and linked mastoid references were less consistent but demonstrated a link between less left frontal activity and current depression severity in women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
106.
Peihui Shao Neil F. Stewart 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2013,17(8):1425-1437
We consider operations on subdivision surfaces under the strict robustness requirement that these floating-point computations return an object with the same topological form as the true solution. The problems involved may however be ill-conditioned, and defined in terms of uncertain data, and even supplementary interval arithmetic may not ensure robustness. Trapping mechanisms are therefore proposed to resolve this difficulty. 相似文献
107.
108.
Sonia Meco Supriyo Ganguly Stewart Williams Norman McPherson 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2014,23(9):3361-3370
Fusion welding of steel to aluminum is difficult due to formation of different types of Fe-Al intermetallics (IMs). In this work, 2 mm-thick steel was joined to 6 mm aluminum in overlap configuration using a 8 kW CW fiber laser. A defocused laser beam was used to control the energy input and allow melting of the aluminum alone and form the bond by wetting of the steel substrate. Experimentally, the process energy was varied by changing the power density (PD) and interaction time separately to understand the influence of each of these parameters on the IM formation. It was observed that the IM formation is a complex function of PD and interaction time. It was also found that the mechanical strength of such joint could not be simply correlated to the IM layer thickness but also depends on the area of wetting of the steel substrate by molten aluminum. In order to form a viable joint, PD needs to be over a threshold value where although IM growth will increase, the strength will be better due to increased wetting. Any increase in interaction time, with PD over the threshold, will have negative effect on the bond strength. 相似文献
109.
Inspired by recent work of Meduna on deep pushdown automata, we consider the computational power of a class of basic program
schemes, NPSDS
s
, based around assignments, while-loops and non-deterministic guessing but with access to a deep pushdown stack which, apart
from having the usual push and pop instructions, also has deep-push instructions which allow elements to be pushed to stack
locations deep within the stack. We syntactically define sub-classes of NPSDS
s
by restricting the occurrences of pops, pushes and deep-pushes and capture the complexity classes NP and PSPACE. Furthermore, we show that all problems accepted by program schemes of NPSDS
s
are in EXPTIME. 相似文献
110.
Polyethylene pipes are commonly used in pipeline systems. Current methods used to determine the pipe pullout capacity do not consider the effects of diameter changes and cyclic movements that the pipelines may experience. Laboratory tests were performed to study the interface shearing resistance of polyethylene pipes under varying conditions. The tests were performed in a temperature-controlled room, where properties were investigated for thermal variations expected in the field. Two types of tests were performed: pull/push tests and cyclic tests. Test results indicated that reductions in pipe diameter affect the interface shear resistance that develops between the pipe and soil. As the pipe diameter gets smaller, the normal contact stresses at the interface decreases, causing a reduction in the interface shearing resistance directly proportional to the normal stress changes. Cyclic pipe movements also cause significant reduction in pipe pullout resistance. The test results indicated that the polyethylene pipe interface shear resistance can be significantly lower than the one determined using the current methods. This paper presents the test results, findings, and design recommendations for the pullout resistance of buried polyethylene pipes. 相似文献