Academic trajectories of newcomer immigrant youth.

Immigration to the United States presents both challenges and opportunities that affect students' academic achievement. Using a 5-year longitudinal, mixed-methods approach, we identified varying academic trajectories of newcomer immigrant students from Central America, China, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Mexico. Latent class growth curve analysis revealed that although some newcomer students performed at high or improving levels over time, others showed diminishing performance. Multinomial logistic regressions identified significant group differences in academic trajectories, particularly between the high-achieving youth and the other groups. In keeping with ecological–developmental and stage–environment fit theories, School Characteristics (school segregation rate, school poverty rate, and student perceptions of school violence), Family Characteristics (maternal education, parental employment, and household structure), and Individual Characteristics (academic English proficiency, academic engagement, psychological symptoms, gender, and 2 age-related risk factors, number of school transitions and being overaged for grade placement) were associated with different trajectories of academic performance. A series of case studies triangulate many of the quantitative findings as well as illuminate patterns that were not detected in the quantitative data. Thus, the mixed-methods approach sheds light on the cumulative developmental challenges that immigrant students face as they adjust to their new educational settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

用于放射性气溶胶在线富集进样的狭缝虚拟撞击器的研制

为满足环境气溶胶在线进样的要求,改善电感耦合等离子体质谱计(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,ICP蛳MS)对粒子中待测核素的探测限,研制出一套具有低流量、低压降特点的狭缝虚拟撞击器,可作为气溶胶在线富集进样系统的关键部件与ICPˉMS联用。本文介绍了该狭缝虚拟撞击器的研制情况:首先由ICP蛳MS的进样条件,根据经验公式完成了理论设计,确定进样流量为11L/min,强流与弱流的流量比为10,喷射狭缝宽度为1mm,长宽比为10;然后用计算流体动力学软件Fluent R对上述结构内部的流场和粒子运动径迹进行了数值模拟,考察了喷射狭缝与收集狭缝的间距G、收集狭缝的宽度Wc及其进口曲率半径的加工偏差对收集效率的影响,得到了较优化的取值范围:G取1.0～1.2mm,Wc取1.4～1.6mm,此时的切割粒径D50约2.5μm;加工出狭缝虚拟撞击器的原型装置,对其分别用室内空气气溶胶和荧光素钠标记的单分散油酸粒子进行富集性能测量。实测结果表明:空气动力学等效直径在2.5～5μm范围内的粒子浓度得到了明显富集,5μm的粒子的富集因子达到极大值7。     

Preliminary thermal-hydraulic and safety analysis of China DFLL-TBM system

China has proposed the dual-functional lithium-lead (DFLL) tritium breeding blanket concept for testing in ITER as a test blanket module (TBM), to demonstrate the technologies of tritium self-sufficiency, high-grade heat extraction and efficient electricity production which are needed for DEMO and fusion power plant. Safety assessment of the TBM and its auxiliary system should be conducted to deal with ITER safety issues directly caused by the TBM system failure during the design process. In this work, three potential initial events (PIEs) – in-vessel loss of helium (He) coolant and ex-vessel loss of He coolant and loss of flow without scram (LOFWS) – were analyzed for the TBM system with a modified version of the RELAP5/MOD3 code containing liquid lithium-lead eutectic (LiPb). The code also comprised an empirical expression for MHD pressure drop relevant to three-dimensional (3D) effect, the Lubarsky–Kaufman convective heat transfer correlation for LiPb flow and the Gnielinski convective heat transfer correlation for He flow. Since both LiPb and He serve as TBM coolants, the LiPb and He ancillary cooling systems were modeled to investigate the thermal-hydraulic characteristic of the TBM system and its influence on ITER safety under those accident conditions. The TBM components and the coolants flow within the TBM were simulated with one-dimensional heat structures and their associated hydrodynamic components. ITER enclosures including vacuum vessel (VV), port cell and TCWS vault were also covered in the model for accident analyses. Through this best estimate approach, the calculation indicated that the current design of DFLL-TBM and its auxiliary system meets the thermal-hydraulic and safety requirements from ITER.     

广州临海钢铁基地铁矿来源的思考

本文综述了世界铁矿石的生产、消费和贸易情况，同时介绍了我国铁矿石资源的现状，并参考宝钢的铁矿酸矿模式，探讨广州临海钢铁基地铁矿来源的初步方向。     

功能对等理论视角下日语电子信息类科技文体的特点与翻译策略

通过分析日语电子信息类科技文体的特点,将功能对等理论应用于其翻译中,并从词汇、句子和文体风格三个层面研究探讨翻译策略,以实现译文自然流畅,语义功能对等。     

蒸发式空冷器喷淋系统技术改造

文章阐述了包钢6~#高炉密闭循环水系统降温设施蒸发式空冷器的工作原理、结构及冬季运行过程中出现的问题,并针对问题提出解决方案。通过改造,优化空冷器水箱装置,降低生产新水损失量,提高6~#高炉循环水利用率,并将成果进一步推广。     

液芯压下工艺对CSP生产高强耐候钢力学性能的影响

珠钢在CSP流程上首次成功开发了钛微合金化高强耐候钢.通过对比采用液芯压下工艺(压下量5 mm、10mm)和非液芯压下工艺条件下铸坯和成品板的力学性能及组织,探讨了两种工艺的异同以及对铸坯和成品材的组织、性能的影响.认为采用液芯压下工艺可以很好地匹配连铸与连轧间的坯厚,铸坯各向性能更均匀,成品板材综合性能好于非液芯压下工艺.     

银的提取研究进展及前景展望

银是一种应用广泛,消耗量大的贵金属,在生活和工业中都是不可或缺的产品或原料。一般银的主要获取来源是含银矿石,而含银矿石主要包括独立银矿、共生银矿和伴生银矿。对不同品位的银矿石采用不同的方法对银进行提取回收。独立银矿的品位和品质是银矿石中最高的,银含量大于150 g·t-1就称为独立银矿,但实际中独立银矿的品位远高于此。共生银矿的含银量一般为100~150 g·t-1。含量低于100g·t-1的矿石就可称为伴生银矿,这类银矿单独开采利用价值不大,通常都是对矿石中的主金属元素开采利用的同时,根据伴生银在原矿中的赋存状态和嵌布特征使用多种选矿方法进行综合回收。除了含银矿石,电解阳极泥以及含银废弃物等含银原料也逐渐成为提银的主要来源。电解阳极泥主要是电镀厂或矿厂电解精炼时电解槽底部产生的泥状物质。很多电解阳极泥中都会通过富集产生大量的银,通过采用各种方法从这些电解阳极泥中提取回收银。含银废弃物的来源则比较广泛,多数含银的废弃物品都可以分类回收,成为提银的来源之一。根据不同的原料,对银的提取方法和研究进展进行了综述,并对银的应用前景做了展望。     

Design of the dummy coil for magnet power supply

It is necessary to test it on a dummy coil, before using a magnet power supply (MPS) to energize a Poloidal Field (PF) coil in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device. The dummy coil should accept the same large current from the MPS as the PF coil and be within the capability of the utilities located at the KSTAR site. Therefore a coil design based on the characteristics of the MPS and other restrictive conditions needed to be made. There are three requirements to be met in the design: an electrical requirement, a structural requirement, and a water cooling requirement. The electrical requirement was that the coil should have an inductance of 40 mH. For the structural requirement, the material should be non magnetic. The coil support structure and water cooling manifold were made of SUS 304. The water cooling requirement was that there should be sufficient flow rate so that the temperature rise ΔT should not exceed 12 °C for operation at 12.5 kA for 5 min. Square cross-section hollow conductor with dimensions of 38.1 mm × 38.1 mm was used with a 25.4 mm center hole for cooling water. However, as a result of tests, it was found that the electrical and structural requirements were satisfied but that the water cooling was over designed. It is imperative that the verification will be redone for a test with 12.5 kA for 5 min.