Investigation of the effectiveness of desliming and flotation in cleaning Malatya-Arguvan lignite

This study investigated the possibility of cleaning Malatya-Arguvan lignite using the flotation method. Because preliminary flotation studies suggested that desliming affects flotation performance, an attempt was made to quantify the effects of the major influencing parameters on the effectiveness of desliming and flotation. Because the optimum collector dosage was found to be very high, the effects of addition of sodium oleate and Aero 3477 were also investigated, to reduce the collector dosage. However, flotation results showed that the addition of sodium oleate and Aero 3477 does not alter the collector dosage significantly. Despite all the aforementioned efforts, only 20% of feed ash could be removed.     

Content‐Independent Multi‐Spectral Display Using Superimposed Projections

Many works focus on multi‐spectral capture and analysis, but multi‐spectral display still remains a challenge. Most prior works on multi‐primary displays use ad‐hoc narrow band primaries that assure a larger color gamut, but cannot assure a good spectral reproduction. Content‐dependent spectral analysis is the only way to produce good spectral reproduction, but cannot be applied to general data sets. Wide primaries are better suited for assuring good spectral reproduction due to greater coverage of the spectral range, but have not been explored much. In this paper we explore the use of wide band primaries for accurate spectral reproduction for the first time and present the first content‐independent multi‐spectral display achieved using superimposed projections with modified wide band primaries. We present a content‐independent primary selection method that selects a small set of n primaries from a large set of m candidate primaries where m > n. Our primary selection method chooses primaries with complete coverage of the range of visible wavelength (for good spectral reproduction accuracy), low interdependency (to limit the primaries to a small number) and higher light throughput (for higher light efficiency). Once the primaries are selected, the input values of the different primary channels to generate a desired spectrum are computed using an optimization method that minimizes spectral mismatch while maximizing visual quality. We implement a real prototype of multi‐spectral display consisting of 9‐primaries using three modified conventional 3‐primary projectors, and compare it with a conventional display to demonstrate its superior performance. Experiments show our display is capable of providing large gamut assuring a good visual appearance while displaying any multi‐spectral images at a high spectral accuracy.     

Practical Radiometric Compensation for Projection Display on Textured Surfaces using a Multidimensional Model

Radiometric compensation methods remove the effect of the underlying spatially varying surface reflectance of the texture when projecting on textured surfaces. All prior work sample the surface reflectance dependent radiometric transfer function from the projector to the camera at every pixel that requires the camera to observe tens or hundreds of images projected by the projector. In this paper, we cast the radiometric compensation problem as a sampling and reconstruction of multi‐dimensional radiometric transfer function that models the color transfer function from the projector to an observing camera and the surface reflectance in a unified manner. Such a multi‐dimensional representation makes no assumption about linearity of the projector to camera color transfer function and can therefore handle projectors with non‐linear color transfer functions(e.g. DLP, LCOS, LED‐based or laser‐based). We show that with a well‐curated sampling of this multi‐dimensional function, achieved by exploiting the following key properties, is adequate for its accurate representation: (a) the spectral reflectance of most real‐world materials are smooth and can be well‐represented using a lower‐dimension function; (b) the reflectance properties of the underlying texture have strong redundancies – for example, multiple pixels or even regions can have similar surface reflectance; (c) the color transfer function from the projector to camera have strong input coherence. The proposed sampling allows us to reduce the number of projected images that needs to be observed by a camera by up to two orders of magnitude, the minimum being only two. We then present a new multi‐dimensional scattered data interpolation technique to reconstruct the radiometric transfer function at a high spatial density (i.e. at every pixel) to compute the compensation image. We show that the accuracy of our interpolation technique is higher than any existing methods.     

A design approach of higher oscillation VCO made of CS amplifier with varying active load

This article proposes a design approach of common source (CS) amplifier based Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) to derive higher oscillation frequency. The working feature is such that, the active load of CS amplifier is varied to modulate the flow of current based on a bias circuit steered by an external controlled voltage (V_ctrl), which controls the delay of each stage and thereby regulates the oscillation frequency. The circuit is designed and analyzed on Cadence Virtuoso platform at a supply voltage of 1.2 V for 90 nm CMOS to read a device footprint of 0.105 mm², which offers a power burn and frequency of 2.092 mW and 9.21 GHz respectively with a phase noise and output noise of − 137.9 dBc/Hz and − 168.40 dB at 1 MHz offset frequency. To justify the reliability of the circuit we have conducted worst case analysis by considering effect of power delivery network (PDN) and corner variation along with 500 runs of Monte Carlo. The design is also introduced under 28 nm UMC to validate its scalability with technology trends.

     

Passive element free variation aware decision circuit for 40 Gb/s CDR application

The signal integrity metrics such as jitter, noise, peak-to-peak signal swing and power dissipation play a pivotal role in determining the quality of high data rate on-chip wireline communication and a decision circuit is the most vital section of it. This article explores an area efficient 40 Gb/s configuration of passive element free current mode decision module implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology. The simulation using Cadence Virtuoso platform is carried out at a power supply of 1.2 V along with a clock frequency of 40 GHz and pseudo random bit sequence data input of (2⁷ − 1) having 1 ns bit period. The device foot print of entire arrangement is (76 × 23) µm², which reads a power dissipation, delay, PDP, peak-to-peak jitter and RMS jitter of 7.02 mW, 198.1 ps, 1.391 pJ, 58.00 ps and 13.12 ps respectively. Monte Carlo runs with ‘no skew’ and 5% process skew are performed at different corners to prove the robustness of the design. The whole circuit is finally validated at lower technology node like 28 nm UMC.

     

Projector placement planning for high quality visualizations on real-world colored objects

Many visualization applications benefit from displaying content on real-world objects rather than on a traditional display (e.g., a monitor). This type of visualization display is achieved by projecting precisely controlled illumination from multiple projectors onto the real-world colored objects. For such a task, the placement of the projectors is critical in assuring that the desired visualization is possible. Using ad hoc projector placement may cause some appearances to suffer from color shifting due to insufficient projector light radiance being exposed onto the physical surface. This leads to an incorrect appearance and ultimately to a false and potentially misleading visualization. In this paper, we present a framework to discover the optimal position and orientation of the projectors for such projection-based visualization displays. An optimal projector placement should be able to achieve the desired visualization with minimal projector light radiance. When determining optimal projector placement, object visibility, surface reflectance properties, and projector-surface distance and orientation need to be considered. We first formalize a theory for appearance editing image formation and construct a constrained linear system of equations that express when a desired novel appearance or visualization is possible given a geometric and surface reflectance model of the physical surface. Then, we show how to apply this constrained system in an adaptive search to efficiently discover the optimal projector placement which achieves the desired appearance. Constraints can be imposed on the maximum radiance allowed by the projectors and the projectors' placement to support specific goals of various visualization applications. We perform several real-world and simulated appearance edits and visualizations to demonstrate the improvement obtained by our discovered projector placement over ad hoc projector placement.     

Deterministic K-set structure

A k-set structure is a sub-linear space data structure that supports multi-set insertion and deletion operations and returns the multi-set, provided the number of distinct items with non-zero frequency does not exceed k. This is a fundamental problem with applications in data streaming [S. Muthukrishnan, Data streams: Algorithms and applications, Foundations and Trends in Theoretical Computer Science 1 (2) (2005)], distributed systems [Y. Minsky, A. Trachtenberg, R. Zippel, Set Reconciliation with Nearly Optimal Communication Complexity, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 49 (9) (2003) 2213-2218; D. Starobinski, A. Trachtenberg, S. Agarwal, Efficient PDA synchronization, IEEE Trans. on Mob. Comp. 2 (1) (2003) 40-51], etc. In this paper, we present the design of a deterministic k-set structure.     

Molecular,rheological, and crystalline properties of low‐density polyethylene in blown film extrusion

The molecular weight and its distribution, degree of long chain branching and cooling rate strongly influence crystallinity during processing, which in turn determines the processability and the ultimate properties of the blown film. Generally a decrease in the number of branches and molecular weight of the polymer and the cooling rate results in an increase of the crystallinity. Length of the main chain and extent of branching in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) are also factors that affect melt rheology and film crystallinity. Long chain branched polyethylene is suitable in the blown film process due to its better melt strength for bubble stability. The objective of this article is to describe the effect of molecular properties (e.g. molecular weight and its distribution, degree of long chain branching etc) of LDPE on film crystallinity at different cooling rates of blown film extrusion. Two different grades of LDPE were selected to investigate molecular characteristics, crystallinity, and rheology. The resins were processed in a blown film extrusion pilot plant using four different cooling rates. Molecular, rheological, and crystalline properties of the resins were key parameters considered in this study. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1983–1991, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Variation aware intuitive clock gating to mitigate on-chip power supply noise

With the advent of semiconductor process technology, both the dynamic and static power consumption have become major concerns for the circuit designers. Though clock gating (CG) is a potentially accomplished technique to minimise the dynamic power, it generally fails to cut down the static power dissipation. To address the same, we have unveiled a new CG scheme incorporating leakage control transistor, which simultaneously curbs the static and dynamic power along with the alleviation of power supply noise (PSN) in silicon chips by smartly controlling the current ramp (di/dt) and average current i(t): the main contributors to PSN. The proposed CG does not only save average, dynamic and static power by 84.34%, 90.33% and 66.73%, respectively, but also reduces PSN by 84.44% with respect to its non-gated counterpart when simulated using Cadence Virtuoso® for 90 nm Generic Process Design Kit at a switching frequency of 5 GHz and power supply voltage of 1.1 V.     

Diospyrin, a bisnaphthoquinone: a novel inhibitor of type I DNA topoisomerase of Leishmania donovani

Diospyrin is a plant product that has significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. This compound inhibits the catalytic activity of DNA topoisomerase I of the parasite. Like camptothecin, it induces topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage in vitro. Treatment of DNA with diospyrin before addition of topoisomerase I has no effect. Preincubation of topoisomerase I with diospyrin before the addition of DNA in the relaxation reaction increases this inhibition. Our results suggest that this bis-naphthoquinone compound exerts its inhibitory effect by binding with the enzyme and stabilizing the topoisomerase I-DNA "cleavable complex." Diospyrin is a specific inhibitor of the parasitic topoisomerase I. It does not inhibit type II topoisomerase of L. donovani and requires much higher concentrations to inhibit type I topoisomerase of calf thymus. The potent inhibitory effect of diospyrin on type I DNA topoisomerase from L. donovani can be exploited for rational drug design in human leishmaniasis.