Progress in deep-UV photoresists

Higher resolution can be achieved in lithography by decreasing the wavelength of the exposure source. However, resist material and their processing are also important when we move to a shorter wavelength lithography technology. This paper reviews the recent development and challenges of deep-UV photoresists and their processing technology.     

Application of Strong Arcs in m-Polar Fuzzy Graphs

Neural Processing Letters - Recently, m-polar fuzzy graph (mPF graph) becomes a growing research topic as the generalization of fuzzy graph. In this paper, at first mPF path, mPF cycle in an mPF...     

Development of Iron-based Closed-Cell Foams by Powder Forging and Rolling

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to develop in situ sandwich Fe-based foams using powder forging and rolling. Several metal carbonates are first studied by thermo gravimetric analysis to find out their suitability to be used as foaming agent for iron-based foams. Barium carbonate is found to be the most promising foaming agent among other suitable options studied such as SrCO₃, CaCO₃, MgCO₃, etc. The effects of process parameters such as precursor composition, sintering temperature, foaming temperature and time, and content of foaming agent have been studied. The microstructural characteristics of the sintered precursor have been studied by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that a good pore structure can be obtained using 2-3% C in Fe and 3% BaCO₃ as foaming agent and by foaming at around 1350 °C for 3-6 min.     

Effect of natural antioxidants and vacuum packaging on the quality of buffalo meat nuggets during refrigerated storage

Buffalo meat nuggets (BMN) were incorporated with 500 ppm sodium ascorbate, 10 ppm -tocopherol acetate and 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate while processing. There were three experimental groups of BMN, namely control aerobic packaged (CAP), treated aerobic packaged (TAP) and treated vacuum packaged (TVP), refrigerated and stored at 4 °C. It was observed that the treated samples (TAP and TVP) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher pH, W-B shear force, moisture and protein contents, sensory attributes and lower free fatty acids content in comparison to CAP samples. Vacuum packed nuggets (TVP) had significantly (p < 0.05) lower free fatty acid content, higher lactobacilli and total anaerobe counts and markedly higher scores for flavour and overall palatability, even at the 25th day of storage. Product quality reduced as storage time increased. Use of natural antioxidants and vacuum packaging extended the shelf life of BMN from 10 to 30 days under refrigerated storage.     

Dynamics of growth and weight transitions in a pediatric cohort from India

Background  

There is paucity of information regarding time trends of weight status in children from rapidly developing economies like India. The aim of the study was to analyse the dynamics of growth and weight transitions in a cohort of school children from India.     

Solidification behaviour,microstructure and mechanical properties of high Fe-containing Al–Si–V alloys

The paper deals with effect of Fe on the solidification behaviour and mechanical properties of unmodified and modified Al–V–Si alloys. Effect of thermo-mechanical processing on the mechanical properties of these alloys was also reported. The solidification proceeds through several invariant reactions, the first one corresponds to formation of Al₃(Fe,V,Si)-type phase. Modification with Ni–Mg master alloy changes the morphology, size and distribution of the primary as well as interdendritic phases. The modified alloys show an increase in first invariant reaction temperature and decrease in final invariant reaction temperature when compared with unmodified alloy, probably due to action of phase modification. In comparison to untreatable alloy, appreciable improvement in mechanical properties occurs on modification by Ni–Mg treatment. Hot rolling further improves the mechanical properties of the alloy.     

Synthesis and characterization of aromatic-alipathic polyamides containing tetraphenylthiophene units into the backbone

Summary Aromatic-aliphatic polyamides were prepared from 2, 5-bis(4-carboxyethylcarbonylphenyl)-3,4-diphenylthiophene (BCDT) with few commercial diamines by using Yamazaki's phosphorylation reaction. The polymers were obtained in good yields and were characterized by solubility tests, viscosity measurements, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction studies. These polyamides had inherent viscosities in the range of 0.35 to 0.70 dl/g and were amorphous in nature. All the polyamides were readily soluble in solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide, nitrobenzene, hexamethylphosphoramide, m-cresol, sulphuric acid and did not lose weight below 300°C in air. NCL Communication No:-4815     

Formation of BaCrO4 NanoCrystallites within Thermally Evaporated Sodium Bis-2-Ethylhexyl-Sulfosuccinate and Stearic Acid Thin Films

This paper describes the growth of barium chromate (BaCrO₄) nanocrystallites within thermally evaporated thin films of stearic acid (StA) and sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate by a process of Ba²⁺ ion entrapment followed by in situ reaction with CrO₄²⁻ ions. Dense spherical assemblies of BaCrO₄ nanocrystallites of very uniform size (∼50 nm) were obtained within the two different host matrices. The spherical assemblies were composed of smaller (ca. 5–10 nm size) BaCrO₄ crystals indicating that efficient size control over crystal size may be exercised by the matrix. Contact angle measurements of the BaCrO₄–StA and BaCrO₄–sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate films indicated that they were hydrophobic, thus pointing to the possible role of hydrophobic interaction between the StA and sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate monolayer-covered BaCrO₄ crystals in the assembly process.