集中空调冷却水变流量问题辨析

指出集中空调冷却水系统为开式系统,一般不适用功率三次方定律,静压头应为冷却塔塔体扬程,并提出了冷却水泵变速时轴功率的计算公式;明确变流量的节能效果与控制方式密切相关,即使机组处于满负荷状态,但只要是在非设计工况,采用冷凝温度控制法,也可能实现变流量节能;指出制定多台冷水机组部分负荷性能指标的意义。     

Synthesis of polymer/MWCNT nanocomposite catalyst supporting materials for high-temperature PEM fuel cells

In this study, the polymer/MWCNT nanocomposites were synthesized from the pristine MWCNT and polymer binders using functionalization with solution processing methods. The synthesized polymer/MWCNT nanocomposites exhibited high specific surface areas than the pristine MWCNT. The MWCNT/Nafion nanocomposite attributed to the maximum peak current at 5.795 × 10^?5 (A) while the peak current of MWCNT/PBI was obtained at 3.662 × 10^?5 (A). Moreover, polymer/MWCNT based electrocatalysts performed better electrochemical activity because of polymers binders can assist electrochemical interaction using the high surface areas of the catalyst supporting material. Also, the MEAs fabricated using the hot pressing method, while the acid doped PBI membrane sandwiched between the electrodes. The fabricated MEAs were successfully demonstrated in a single cell and found capable of measuring a maximum power density of 112.10 mW/cm² under 150 °C temperature. In conclusion, the synthesized catalyst-supporting materials enhanced the electrochemical activity and catalyst stability which fulfilling the main objective of this study.     

Coating of stainless steel and titanium bipolar plates for anticorrosion in PEMFC: A review

Anticorrosion coating for stainless steel (SS) and titanium bipolar plates were evaluated to improve the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity in PEMFC. The PEMFC offers clean and environmentally friendly usage in electrical power systems. The bipolar plates contribute 60%–80% of the total components of PEMFC stack with electrical conductivity >100 S cm^?1. Therefore, high conductivity and corrosion resistance are observed for long-term operations in PEMFC. Recent works has developed the cost-effective and feasible alternative materials to replace graphite bipolar plates. Metallic materials, such as SS and titanium, possess good electrical conductivity but poor corrosion resistance. Coating of SS and titanium bipolar plates can improve the corrosion resistance of metallic bipolar plates. Excellent performance of bipolar plates was recorded by using NbC coating for stainless steel materials. The ICR value using plasma surface alloying method was 8.47 mΩ cm² with a low current density (I_corr) between 0.051 and 0.058 μA cm^?2. The criteria for both current densities (<1 μA cm^?2) and electrical conductivity (<10 mΩ cm²) met the DOE's 2020 technical targets. In addition, conventional air brush method can be used for fabricating multilayer coatings onto substrates because it is self-cleaning, low cost and offers high volume and large area production. Vapor deposition method, a highly advanced coating technology using PVD, suitable for coating bipolar plates because it is environmentally friendly and can be used in high temperatures, producing materials with good impact strength and excellent abrasion resistance. PEMFC cost is still too high for large scale commercialization, which is the cost of raw material and processing to allow fabrication of thinner plates contributes substantially to the total PEMFC cost. Some future works on fuel cell anticorrosion research with reasonable coating method is suggested to reduce the cost in order to facilitate the move toward commercialization especially for SS and titanium bipolar plates.     

建筑工程抗震设防分类中常见问题分析

建筑工程抗震设防类别的判定是抗震设计的主要依据之一,决定着建筑工程抗震设防的水平高低。建筑工程抗震设防类别的划分主要根据建筑遭受地震损坏对各方面影响的后果的严重性进行综合分析确定。本文拟对建筑工程抗震设防类别判定中常见问题进行分析,结合工程实例,给出正确的判定方法,供参考。     

Effect of sintering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy titanium-wollastonite composite fabricated by powder injection moulding process

Composite biomaterials are in high demand in the medical field of today. The combination of bioactive wollastonite (WA) glass ceramic with the biocompatibility of alloy titanium (Ti6Al4V) could be a good candidate for implant applications. The rheological properties of Ti6Al4V/WA feedstock show a pseudoplastic behaviour with low activation energy. The feedstock was successfully injected as a green part with no defects. The green part was solvent debound for 6?h in heptane and thermal debound in an argon environment for 1?h. The brown part was successfully sintered at 1300?°C for 3?h with 5?°C/min heating and cooling rates. The average sintered density was 4.12?g/cm³; which is 97.5% from the theoretical density. The highest Young's modulus obtained was 18.10?GPa; which is in the range of human bone strength. EDX analysis shows that by increasing sintering temperature, the level of oxygen decreased. Cell viability test shown an absorbance increased with days increasing indicated that the cellular were proliferated on the composite Ti6Al4V/WA composite which also proved that the composite was non-toxic. This indicates that the Ti6Al4V/WA composite is suitable for bone implant applications.     

符号动力学信息熵在气液两相流型电导信号分析中的应用

时间序列的符号动力学信息熵H_k因其计算简单快速,对数据量要求小,而被应用于非线性时间序列的分析中。将其应用于气液两相流型电导信号的分析中,首先通过其在高斯白噪声中的应用,来分析参数的选择标准。接下来讨论不同参数选择对气液两相流型识别的影响,并将流型信号的H_k-up同3种典型仿真信号进行对比。最后采用分段计算H_k-up的方法对气液两相流型电导信号进行分析,剖析了各种流型的演化规律。分析结果表明:符号动力学信息熵是一种有效的分析气液两相流电导信号的方法,能够有效区分不同流型,并能够反映不同流型的演化规律特性。     

Detection of copy-move image forgery based on discrete cosine transform

Since powerful editing software is easily accessible, manipulation on images is expedient and easy without leaving any noticeable evidences. Hence, it turns out to be a challenging chore to authenticate the genuineness of images as it is impossible for human’s naked eye to distinguish between the tampered image and actual image. Among the most common methods extensively used to copy and paste regions within the same image in tampering image is the copy-move method. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) has the ability to detect tampered regions accurately. Nevertheless, in terms of precision (FP) and recall (FN), the block size of overlapping block influenced the performance. In this paper, the researchers implemented the copy-move image forgery detection using DCT coefficient. Firstly, by using the standard image conversion technique, RGB image is transformed into grayscale image. Consequently, grayscale image is segregated into overlying blocks of m × m pixels, m = 4.8. 2D DCT coefficients are calculated and reposition into a feature vector using zig-zag scanning in every block. Eventually, lexicographic sort is used to sort the feature vectors. Finally, the duplicated block is located by the Euclidean Distance. In order to gauge the performance of the copy-move detection techniques with various block sizes with respect to accuracy and storage, threshold D_similar = 0.1 and distance threshold (N)_d = 100 are used to implement the 10 input images in order. Consequently, 4 × 4 overlying block size had high false positive thus decreased the accuracy of forged detection in terms of accuracy. However, 8 × 8 overlying block accomplished more accurately for forged detection in terms of precision and recall as compared to 4 × 4 overlying block. In a nutshell, the result of the accuracy performance of different overlying block size are influenced by the diverse size of forged area, distance between two forged areas and threshold value used for the research.

     

锂硫电池正极S/C复合材料的制备与性能研究

以商业化碳黑科琴黑为碳源,采用球磨和热复合法合成正极S/C复合材料,并运用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、元素组成分析等分析手段对S/C复合材料进行了微观结构、组成和形貌分析;并用恒流充放电、循环伏安法、交流阻抗法对电极材料的电化学性能进行分析。在0.2C倍率下首次放电比容量为838.4 mAh.g-1,最高达930.3 mAh.g-1,经过50次循环后可逆容量依然高达835.1 mAh.g-1,显示出良好的循环稳定性。     

3 种食源性致病菌Tem-PCR检测方法的建立

应用靶序列富集多重聚合酶链式反应（target-enriched multiplex-polymerase chain reaction,Tem-PCR）技术建立金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌3 种食源性致病菌的快速检测方法。分别以金黄色葡萄球菌femA基因、沙门氏菌invA基因和志贺氏菌ipaH基因为靶基因,设计3 对特异性引物,并与通用引物连接组成Tem-PCR引物,通过反应条件优化,建立了Tem-PCR检测方法。结果显示,建立的Tem-PCR方法特异性强,对沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和志贺氏菌的检测灵敏度分别为1.1×103、2×103 CFU/mL和1.2×103 CFU/mL。Tem-PCR检测方法有效地解决了传统多重PCR引物扩增效率不均衡的问题。