Galton's data a century later.

Analyzed F. Galton's (1885, 1892) data on the sensory, psychomotor, and physical attributes of 1,639 females and 4,849 males. The reliability of the measures, developmental trends in mean scores, correlations of the measures with age, correlations among measures, occupational differences in scores, and sibling correlations are described. Developmental trends during later childhood, adolescence, and early maturity are compared to those described in contemporary developmental psychological literature. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Work style and the expression of hostility in boys.

The concept of work style denotes the unique, idiosyncratic stylistic variations in how one works, variations which override the demands of the job and which express the person in relation to the task. 5 dimensions of work style are defined in the context of the role of early work experience in personality development. 52 white 8-14 yr. old males who worked at a variety of part-time jobs were rated on these dimensions on the basis of extensive interview data. Ratings correlated positively with both the pervasiveness and intensity of hostility expressed in imaginative though products (TAT stories). The relation between work-style dimensions and hostility expression is examined in the context of psychoanalytic ego-psychology theory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Blockade of Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Inhibits Cell Cycle and Spheroid Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro and Experimental Colon Cancer Incidence In Vivo

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in humans. At early stages CRC is treated by surgery and at advanced stages combined with chemotherapy. We examined here the potential effect of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS)-inhibition on CRC biology. GCS is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-biosynthesis pathway and overexpressed in many human tumors. We suppressed GSL-biosynthesis using the GCS inhibitor Genz-123346 (Genz), NB-DNJ (Miglustat) or by genetic targeting of the GCS-encoding gene UDP-glucose-ceramide-glucosyltransferase- (UGCG). GCS-inhibition or GSL-depletion led to a marked arrest of the cell cycle in Lovo cells. UGCG silencing strongly also inhibited tumor spheroid growth in Lovo cells and moderately in HCT116 cells. MS/MS analysis demonstrated markedly elevated levels of sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) that occurred in a Genz-concentration dependent manner. Ultrastructural analysis of Genz-treated cells indicated multi-lamellar lipid storage in vesicular compartments. In mice, Genz lowered the incidence of experimentally induced colorectal tumors and in particular the growth of colorectal adenomas. These results highlight the potential for GCS-based inhibition in the treatment of CRC.     

Process force analysis on sinking-EDM electrodes for the precision manufacturing

Electro Discharge Machining is no longer taken as a “force free” process. Studies are being completed in order to understand how these forces are being exerted on the electrodes and how they might affect the processing of highly precise or high aspect ratio geometries. This paper studies process forces on macro Sinking-EDM with the use of two highly precise piezoelectric axial force sensors which measure single discharge forces simultaneously at the tool and workpiece sides. At the same time, the vibration amplitude and frequency of tool electrodes are measured, along with the analysis of high-speed-camera photographs showing a chronological sequence of gas bubble formation in terms of their dilatation and collapse, allowing a more detailed view into the process. The understanding of the dynamic trends of these process forces allows drawing conclusions about the generation of the pressure field along the working gap and its influence on tool electrode vibration which can decrease the final desired precision of the manufactured workpiece.     

Production of Biocomponent Containing Gas Oil with the Coprocessing of Vegetable Oil�CGas Oil Mixture

We investigated the impact of the enhanced sulphur content of feedstocks during the production of gas oil with bio-component content in one catalytic step, on a NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst from sunflower oil-containing gas oil. The mixing of vegetable oil reduces the efficiency of hydrodesulphurization compared to the pure gas oil feedstock, but using the favourable process parameter combination high scale desulphurization can be achieved.     

控冷返红温度对Q460GJE高建钢组织和力学性能的影响

利用Gleeble热力学模拟机、扫描电镜、透射电镜、着色腐蚀金相等方法研究了控冷返红温度对TMCP交货态低屈强比(不大于0.80)Q460GJE高建钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着返红温度的升高,一方面,粒状贝氏体数量减少,针状铁素体数量增加,晶粒显著粗化,屈服强度降低;另一方面,硬相M-A岛的数量增多、尺寸增大,抗拉强度略有上升,屈强比和冲击功(-40℃)降低。拉伸和冲击性能均满足低屈强比Q460GJE钢要求的返红温度范围是590~620℃。     

Quantitative Characterization of Precipitate Microstructures in Metallic Alloys Using Small-Angle Scattering

Quantitatively characterizing precipitate microstructures in metals by small-angle scattering poses specific challenges as compared to other areas of application of this technique. In terms of size and morphology evaluation, these include the presence of a significant size distribution, non-isotropic shapes, and interpretation complicated by a partial averaging due to a non-random texture. In terms of volume fraction evaluation, these include the imperfect knowledge of the chemical composition of very small objects. This paper, based on a presentation given at the ??Neutron and X-Ray Studies of Advanced Materials V: Centennial?? symposium of the 2012 TMS conference, reviews the strategies that can be applied in different characteristic cases to obtain a robust quantification of precipitate microstructures.     

Single Particle Characterization of Automobile and Diesel Truck Emissions in the Caldecott Tunnel

Individual aerosol particles emitted from light-duty vehicles (LDV) and heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) were sampled in the Caldecott Tunnel (Berkeley, CA) using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS). This instru ment determines both size and composition information of individual particles in real time. From the composition of individual particles, in conjunction with knowledge of the traffic patterns in the Caldecott Tunnel, information about the source of the particles can be determined. Based upon chemical composition, three main types of particles were detected: particles with significant mass spectral signal due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), elemental carbon (soot) particles, and inorganic particles containing substantial signal due to ions includ ing Al⁺, Ca⁺, Fe⁺, Ba⁺ and BaO⁺. Preliminary analysis of these classes shows that they encompass 61.4%, 10.3%, and 11.0%, respectively, of the total number of particles sampled with the ATOFMS instrument in 3 h, heavy traffic sampling periods, in an LDV-only bore of the tunnel. They represent 57.4%, 11.8%, and 18.0%, respectively, of the total number of particles sampled with the ATOFMS instrument in a 3 h sampling period in a mixed traffic (HDV and LDV) bore of the tunnel.