Direct Synthesis of 1-Butanol from Ethanol in a Plug Flow Reactor: Reactor and Reaction Kinetics Modeling

Bio-ethanol is well known for its use as a gasoline additive. However, it can be blended in low portions to traditional gasoline although it has a corrosive nature. By taking advantage of modern continuous reactor technology and heterogeneous alumina catalysts, ethanol can be upgraded to 1-butanol in fixed beds. Butanol has more feasible properties as fuel component in comparison to ethanol. Mathematical modeling of reaction kinetics revealed a simple kinetic model could be used to describe the complex reaction process on a Cu/alumina catalyst. The reaction kinetics model is based on five parallel reactions in which ethanol reacts to 1-butanol, acetealdehyde, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and diethoxyethane, respectively.

     

Copper(I) Bromide‐Dimethyl Sulfide‐Catalyzed Direct Sulfanylation of 4‐Hydroxycoumarins and 4‐Hydroxyquinolinones with Arylsulfonylhydrazides and Selective Fluorescence Switch‐ On Sensing of Cadmium(II) Ion in Water

An efficient protocol for the direct sulfanylation of various 4‐hydroxycoumarins and 4‐hydroxyquinolinones in good yield with arylsulfonylhydrazides as sulfanylating agents was developed via copper(I) bromide⋅dimethyl sulfide‐catalyzed S–O, S–N bond cleavage and C–S cross‐coupling reactions. A highly selective fluorescence turning‐on sensing of cadmium(II) ions in water using the synthesized 3‐sulfanyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarin derivative was also investigated.

     

Experimental investigation of lift enhancement by suction-assisted delayed separation of the boundary layer on NACA 0012 airfoil

In the aerodynamic industry, one of the major problems of interest is the lift enhancement without any increase in the drag. In this paper, an attempt is made to increase the lift coefficient by delayed boundary layer separation using suction at various points, also the study is carried out to identify the optimum location for suction which provides maximum lift augmentation. The experiment is conducted with selected suction pressures of 60, 70, 80, 90?kN/m² at different locations in the range of 40–75% of the chord length of the airfoil. Among the selected pressures, the lowest one at the 70% length provides maximum performance. The critical Reynolds number occurs at around 95% of the length instead of 45% of the length when the same experiment is conducted without suction. The suction also assists in the heat transfer enhancement over the airfoil surface.     

Absolute Isotherms of Adsorption of Components of Binary Liquid Solutions of Macro- and Microporous Adsorbents

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - The methods of describing absolute adsorption isotherms of binary nonelectrolyte solutions components on macro- and microporous adsorbents...     

Peculiarities of Sorption of Copper(II) Ions by Modified Wool Keratin

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - The results of studying the equilibrium and kinetics of Cu2+ ions’ sorption from aqueous solutions by the initial and modified wool...     

The Effect of Organosilanes on Protective Properties of Polymer Coatings for Underground Pipelines. Inhibition of Cathodic Peeling-off of Polymer Coatings from Metal

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - Protective properties of polymer coatings are mainly determined by their adhesion properties. Organosilanes represent the most commonly...     

Structural Phase State and Thermal Cyclic Stability of the Thermal Barrier Zr–Si–O Coatings Deposited on a Copper Substrate by the Microplasma Method

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - In this work, preparation of thermal barrier coatings based on zirconium oxide is shown. The phased treatment of the copper substrate is...     

钢水喷镁精炼及其对钢性能的影响

由于镁对钢的脱氧、脱硫、净化钢水及转变夹杂物形态的良好作用,近年来许多冶金工作者致力于加镁精炼钢水的研究工作,但因在冶金温度下镁的蒸汽压很高,而其在钢水的溶解度又极小,加入困难,这方面的研究多归于失败。本文利用阿亨大学热力学数据库计算了以氩作为载气喷镁的脱氧、脱硫作用,以及压力和氩量对其影响,通过实验制定了行之有效的喷吹工艺,选择了合适的控制参数。
在1-3大压下,氩量为0.1-0.3N.L/m:n,可以向钢水成功地喷入镁。经过镁精炼的钢水,氧含量可降至4ppm,硫含量降至10ppm,氧化物及硫化物的评级均为0级,其尺寸均在5μm之下。随着喷镁量的增加(钢水重量的0.062至%0.56%),夹杂物中镁的氧化物及硫化物量增加,夹杂物总量减少且呈球形,此种夹杂物在热形变中不变形。因此在通常材料中所存在的各向异性完全消失,特别是缺口冲击韧性横向性能值提高了2~3倍。文章对材料在不同温度下的冲击韧性、过渡温度及断口夹杂物的形态进行了研究和论述。     

氮在渣-钢间传质系数的测定

使用Al₂O₃坩埚在真空感应炉内测定了1600℃时氮在含C还原渣和钢液之间的总传质系数β_o.研究表明,β_o与气相中氮分压P_N2的大小有关,随着P_N2的增加β_o增大.由物料平衡计算得出,在本实验条件下,β_o为3.7×10^-4 cm/S.     

Study of the Effect of Vibration Treatment of Porous Sintered Workpiece Treatment on Structure and Properties of Hot-Forged Powder Object Surface Layer

Metallurgist - A number of combine-harvester components are produced by mass production of hot-forged sintered powder blanks in the at “Rostsel’mash” plant. With the aim of...