Determination of Emulsifying Properties of Some Proteins by Conductivity Measurements

A method was developed to measure the emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of proteins using a simple apparatus consisting of a glass column with a conductivity cell. A significant correlation was observed between the emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of 10 proteins determined by the conductivity method examined in this paper and the turbidity method of Pearce and Kinsella (1978). These results suggest that the emulsifying properties can be estimated by measuring changes in the conductivity of emulsion. The advantages of the conductivity method are to measure accurately and simply the emulsifying properties of proteins, because this method directly and automatically measures changes in the physical constant (that is, conductivity) of emulsion.     

Relation between pole assignment and LQ regulator

In this paper we demonstrate a connection between the pole assignment technique and the linear optimal regulator technique, namely there exist common Lyapunov functions between two closed-loop systems synthesized by each method. From this property, we derive a useful theorem for pole assignment.     

Modulation of the phenotypic and functional properties of phagocytic macrophages by wear particles from orthopaedic implants

An attempt was made to assess the local chronic inflammatory response in patients with failed orthopaedic implant that is clinically associated with osteolysis, bone and bone marrow necrosis. The main objective was to analyse the heterogeneity of the macrophage functional subsets in the bone–implant interface membrane and to evaluate their possible role in the development of an erosive inflammatory lesion within the bone. Immunohistology was performed on 21 specimens of the bone–implant interface obtained from 17 patients during revision arthroplasty, and synovial membranes from rheumatoid (RA, n=4), and osteoarthritis (OA, n=4) patients. Three well-characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAb) recognizing antigenic determinants on specific functional subsets of macrophages (M) were used. RFD1 (interdigitating reticulum cells/antigen presenting cells, (APC), RFD7 (mature phagocytic macrophages), and RFD9 epithelioid cells and foreign body giant cells (FBGC). RFD1 was expressed on a variable number of perivascular and synovial lining M in both RA and OA synovia, at a frequency of 25%–40%. In cases with total joint replacements, the interface showed a marked increase in the expression of RFD1 (20%–90%). A considerably greater percentage of RFD1 positive M and FBGC was noted in the interfaces from cases with a high level of detectable metal particulate wear debris (mean 80%, range 60%–90%) than in cases with polyethylene wear debris (mean 30%, range 0%–50%), p 0.0001. RFD7 labelled most tissue M in each group. Immunoreactivity for RFD9 was restricted to FBGC in all cases analysed. The finding of elevated expression of RFD1 on metal-containing M and FBGC in the bone-implant interface suggests an increase in antigen-presenting phenotype and indicates that metal particles have more impact in the induction of immune-mediated responses. Such responses are characterized by sustained cellular hyperreactivity and phenotypic changes in M subsets.     

Spectrum assignability of parabolic distributed parameter systems

The pole assignment problem of a parabolic distributed parameter system with boundary or pointwise inputs is studied. The problem is solved under a weak restriction on the separation of the open-loop poles and the closed-loop ones. A characteristic equation whose roots are the poles of the closed-loop system is first given and it is shown that the infinite number of open-loop poles can be uniformly moved by means of a suitable linear feedback.     

Evaluation of D(d,n)3 He reaction neutron source models for BNCT irradiation system design

A mathematical method was developed to calculate the yield,energy spectrum and angular distribution of neutrons from D(d,n)~3He(D-D)reaction in a thick deuterium-titanium target for incident deuterons in energies lower than 1.0MeV.The data of energy spectrum and angular distribution were applied to set up the neutron source model for the beam-shaping-assembly(BSA)design of Boron-Neutron-Capture-Therapy(BNCT)using MCNP-4C code. Three cases of D-D neutron source corresponding to incident deuteron energy of 1000,400 and 150 key were inves- tigated.The neutron beam characteristics were compared with the model of a 2.45 MeV mono-energetic and isotropic neutron source using an example BSA designed for BNCT irradiation.The results show significant differences in the neutron beam characteristics,particularly the fast neutron component and fast neutron dose in air,between the non-isotropic neutron source model and the 2.5 MeV mono-euergetic and isotropic neutron source model.     

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MIXED GELS

The rheological properties of carrageenan/gelatin and agar/gelatin mixed gels were investigated by measuring the rupture properties, the texture parameters and the dynamic viscoelasticities. fie melting point, transparency and syneresis of these gels were measured in order to obtain the relationship with the rheological properties. The physical properties of the two mixed gels were slightly different. The agar/gelatin mixed gels generally showed the hindered effect of gelatin. The brittleness of agar gel disappeared on mixing with gelatin. It then became a flexible, cohesive and transparent gel. Carrageenan/gelatin mixed gels showed a decrease in the values of almost all of the mechanical properties when compared with carrageenan gels. However, the rupture properties of the C0.5 mixed gel were much higher than those of simple carrageenan gels.     

高灰熔点煤加压气流床气化特性

在25 kg/h规模的沉降式加压气流床气化实验装置上,研究了高灰熔点煤种在固态排渣温度范围内的气化特性及灰渣熔融特性.结果表明,气化温度、碳转化率均随O/C物质的量比的增加而增加,冷煤气效率则随O/C物质的量比的增加旱现先增大后减小的变换规律;本实验条件下,最佳O/C物质的量比在1.0～1.2之间,此时冷煤气效率达最大值(42%左右),相应碳转化率为90%;对最佳工况下气化炉底部、旋风分离器和布袋除尘器内的灰渣进行SEM分析表明,该工况下气化炉底部、旋风分离器内的灰渣在整体上仍以固态形式存在,只是有部分低熔融成分发生熔融,其熔融部分的粒径在数微米左右,而布袋除尘器内的灰渣没有发生熔融现象.     

Effect of equal-channel angular pressing on pitting corrosion resistance of anodized aluminum-copper alloy

The effect of equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP) on the pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al-Cu alloy was investigated by electrochemical techniques in a solution containing 0.2 mol/L AlCl₃ and also by surface analysis. Anodizing was conducted for 20 min at 200 and 400 A/m² in a solution containing 1.53 mol/L H₂SO₄ and 0.018 5 mol/L Al₂(SO₄)₃·16H₂O at 20 °C. Anodized Al-Cu alloy was immediately dipped in boiling water for 20 min to seal the micro pores present in anodic oxide films. The time required before initiating pitting corrosion of anodized Al-Cu alloy is longer with ECAP than without, indicating that ECAP process improves the pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al-Cu alloy. Second phase precipitates such as Si, Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Cu-Si-Fe-Mn intermetallic compounds are present in Al-Cu alloy and the size of these precipitates is greatly decreased by application of ECAP. Al-Cu-Mg intermetallic compounds are dissolved during anodization, whereas the precipitates composed of Si and Al-Cu-Si-Fe-Mn remain in anodic oxide films due to their more noble corrosion potential than Al. FE-SEM and EPMA observation reveal that the pitting corrosion of anodized Al-Cu alloy occurs preferentially around Al-Cu-Si-Fe-Mn intermetallic compounds, since the anodic oxide films are absent at the boundary between the normal oxide films and these impurity precipitates. The improvement of pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al-Cu alloy processed by ECAP appears to be attributed to a decrease in the size of precipitates, which act as origins of pitting corrosion.     

湿法化学制备的超薄和极薄二氧化硅/硅膜的光学性能研究

二氧化硅薄膜至今依然属人们广泛研究的材料,这是因为当这种材料制备为高质量的超薄、极薄的氧化物时,可实际应用于不同方面,如超大规模集成电路（VLSI）的栅氧化层以及液晶显示屏（LCD）的生产。本文考察了厚度为3 nm和5 nm的极薄二氧化硅层的结构性质,这些薄层是通过适度掺杂n-型硅（100）晶片而形成。在形成氧化层之前用标准RCA方法清洁,并随后在氮气氛围中退火,部分样品在HCN溶液中钝化。本研究中用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）技术获取了复合结构中不同类型的化学键信息。对SiO₂钝化试样和非钝化试样中的Si-O-Si的不对称伸缩振动分别用纵光(LO)和横光(TO)模式进行了鉴别,发现TO模式位置（约1 107 cm^-1）和振幅与试样的厚度无关。另一方面,LO模式的位置从约1 230 cm^-1（厚度约为1.5 nm）改变为1 244 cm^-1 左右（厚度约为4.5 nm）。根据红外光谱峰的偏移,认为超薄和极薄SiO_x复合结构并不均匀。对红外光谱获得的结果进行了反褶积处理并获取相关信息。用次级离子质谱分析法（SIMS,Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry）考察了试样的原子组成,发现NH键的数量也与技术条件相关。基于记录的试样X-反射率数据的理论处理结果,用原始方法确定了材料的结构性质、层密度、表面粗糙度以及相应界面,并将所得结果与原子力显微镜所获得的结果进行了对比和讨论。借助于深能阶瞬态光谱学中的电荷变形,证实HCN溶液对二氧化硅/硅界面密度的强钝化影响。钝化后,发现新形成的界面深处缺陷阱其密度可以忽略不计,这是因为其形成原因与钝化过程中在界面处引入的NH原子对存在相关。