金刚石/Ti热压扩散过程的分子动力学模拟

目的 应用分子动力学模拟金刚石与Ti在热压扩散过程中的界面原子扩散和TiC生成过程。方法 采用改进型嵌入原子势函数(MEAM)描述Ti、C和Ti—C之间的相互作用,将模拟过程分为弛豫、热压和保温3个阶段,模拟出金刚石与Ti界面间的原子扩散带厚度、原子扩散速度和TiC的成键过程。为了验证分子动力学模拟结果,进行了聚晶金刚石与钛箔的热压扩散试验,在聚晶金刚石表面制备了Ti涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜观察聚晶金刚石与Ti涂层之间的界面,并进行EDS分析。利用X射线衍射仪分析聚晶金刚石与Ti界面的物相组成。结果 模拟结果显示,在弛豫、热压和保温3个阶段,金刚石与Ti之间的扩散带厚度分别为0.870 9、0.888 9、2.056 5 nm,从弛豫到热压阶段,扩散带厚度增加了2.07%,从热压到保温阶段,扩散带厚度增加了131.35%;C原子均方位移曲线斜率为1.877 4×10^?5,Ti原子的均方位移曲线斜率为1.016 7×10^?5,C原子的均方位移的斜率比Ti原子的均方位移的斜率快84.66%;在弛豫20 ps后,C原子的游离键靠近Ti原子,在100 ps的热压过程中,C原子和Ti原子之间形成少量的Ti—C键,在500 ps的保温过程中,在界面间生成大量的Ti—C键。聚晶金刚石与Ti结合紧密、平整,用EDS测试出聚晶金刚石与Ti界面间的扩散带厚度为5.7 μm,在聚晶金刚石与Ti界面的XRD图谱测到了TiC衍射峰。结论 在金刚石与Ti的热压扩散过程中,C和Ti原子之间存在明显的原子扩散现象,形成了具有一定厚度的扩散带。在金刚石与Ti的界面区域的原子扩散中,C原子的扩散能力和扩散速度大于Ti原子,并在扩散界面内生成了Ti—C键,金刚石与Ti之间形成了化学结合,有助于提高金刚石表面与Ti涂层的结合强度。     

缓凝剂对磷建筑石膏-普通硅酸盐水泥复合体系性能的影响及其机理研究

磷建筑石膏(β-HPG)力学性能差,凝结硬化快,已有研究表明用普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)替代部分β-HPG可改善其力学性能,但对此复合体系工作性能的调控作用及机理研究尚不明确。本文探讨了三种缓凝剂对β-HPG-OPC复合体系性能的影响,通过测试凝结时间和抗压强度来表征性能变化,通过分析水化热曲线、电导率曲线、XRD谱和SEM照片来讨论作用机理。研究结果表明,三聚磷酸钠(STPP)对复合体系基本无缓凝作用,蛋白质类SC缓凝剂(SC)和柠檬酸(CA)的缓凝作用均较好,其中SC对初凝时间的延缓作用较好,CA对终凝时间的延缓作用更佳。CA使二水石膏晶体的形貌发生改变,导致体系抗压强度显著降低;SC对二水石膏晶体的粗化作用使体系形成相对致密的微观结构体,对抗压强度影响较小。研究结果将为β-HPG-OPC复合体系工程应用提供重要参考,有助于推进β-HPG在工程中的高附加值利用。     

A composite prepared from covalent organic framework and gold nanoparticles for the electrochemical determination of enrofloxacin

A high conductivity composite based on covalent organic frameworks/gold nanoparticles (TAPB-PDA-COFs/AuNPs, TAPB: 3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene, PDA: p-phthalaldehyde) was prepared by a simple in-situ synthesized method and a novel electrochemical sensor based on TAPB-PDA-COFs/AuNPs was constructed for detection of Enrofloxacin (ENR). A variety of different characterization techniques including ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the TAPB-PDA-COFs/AuNPs. ENR was detected by square wave stripping voltammetry (SWV) according to the relationship between the ENR concentration and the oxidation peak current. The result showed that TAPB-PDA-COFs/AuNPs was synthesized successfully. The electrochemical sensor showed two linear ranges in the range of 0.05–10 μmol L^?1 and 10–120 μmol L^?1 with the limit of detection of 0.041 μmol L^?1 (S/N = 3). The good recoveries (96.7–102.2%) and low RSDs (0.9–6.4%) indicated the possibility of using this sensor for actual sample detection. Therefore, TAPB-PDA-COFs/AuNPs-based electrochemical sensor showed good performance in detecting ENR, and would be a potential candidate for the development of fluoroquinolones determination.     

Large deflection analysis of thin elastic structures by the assumed stress hybrid finite element method

Two assumed stress hybrid finite element models for analyzing the large deflection, linear elastic, static behavior of structures have been developed: a consistent model which satisfies the entire stress equilibrium equation and an inconsistent model which satisfies only the linear portion of this equation. These models are derived for two separate coordinate frames: a stationary system and a convected, updated system. Throughout the development “correction” terms are maintained in all the functionals to minimize the drifting of the approximate solution from the true solution. These correction terms correspond to checks on the stress equilibrium and compatibility in the reference state. Utilizing a tangent stiffness approach various incremental and incremental-iterative solution procedures are used. The actual applications utilize flat and shallow elements to analyze the large deflection (moderate rotation), small strain behavior of thin, linearly elastic beams and shells. For the beam problems a shallow curved, two node, six degree of freedom element is used. For the shell analysis flat and shallow shell elements are used. They are three node, fifteen degree of freedom, triangular elements. Example studies include comparisons of the consistent and inconsistent models, the flat and shallow elements, the two coordinate systems, the effectiveness of the correction terms and solution procedures, and the adequacy of the models and methods. The results demonstrate that the consistent and inconsistent models yield essentially the same results. Overall, the models yield satisfactory results with simple elements.     

Rapid densification of SiC ceramic rollers by microwave sintering

Ultralarge silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic rollers are successfully prepared in a microwave multimode cavity at 2·45 GHz. The length of the rollers is 1220 mm with outer diameter of 62 mm and thickness of 7 mm. The optimised sintering temperature of microwave sintering is ～980°C, which is ～400°C lower than that of conventional sintering. Mullite was detected within microwave sintered samples, rather than conventional sintered ones, which preferentially appeared around SiC as well as inside the residual pores. This might be attributed to the unique features of microwave sintering of ‘hot spot effect’, plasma behaviour and high frequency electromagnetic fields.     

高液限粉土的承载比特性及其利用建议

通过对高液限粉土进行不同浸水条件下的承载比试验,研究高液限粉土浸水、不浸水的强度变化规律,并对浸水条件下水泥改良粉土的强度特征进行探讨。试验结果表明:浸水条件下粉土的CBR值小于3%;不浸水的粉土CBR值与4%水泥改良粉土的浸水CBR值受初始制样含水量控制,但整体比浸水CBR值高。从CBR值随含水量的变化规律可以看出,粉土对水十分敏感。对此,提出粉土用于路基填筑的利用原则和具体的处置措施。     

MIG焊机控制系统的改进研究与实践

通过在引进设备日本３Ｋ公司ＭＩＧ焊机改造过程中,对设备控制系统的分析和研究,介绍了在ＰＬＣ程序设计中的数据库查表技术,对软件仿真硬件技术在设备改造中的进一步实践应用做了有益的探索。     

诺丽酵素在自然发酵过程中体外抗氧化活性变化及品质研究

以DPPH、ABTS、羟基自由基清除能力和总还原力为评价指标,多体系地考察了诺丽酵素自然发酵过程中抗氧化活性的动态变化,并进行总酚、总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性之间相关性分析和对产品品质进行评价。结果表明,诺丽酵素自然发酵过程中总酚含量在60 d达到最高1.61 mg/mL,78 d后趋于稳定;总黄酮含量发酵至54 d时达到最高0.39 mg/mL,60 d后趋于稳定;DPPH、ABTS和羟基自由基清除能力在发酵至54～66 d达到最高（71.22%、76.21%、58.64%）,总还原能力在72 d达到最高（0.593）;自由基清除能力和总还原力与总酚含量均具有显著的正相关性（P＜0.05）。诺丽酵素的pH值、总酸、蛋白质和还原糖含量分别为3.65、2.48 g/L、0.16 mg/mL和29.35 mg/mL,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和淀粉酶活性分别达到376.43 U/mL和17.65 U/mL。     

大麻/柞蚕丝混纺纱工艺探讨

将大麻纤维与柞蚕丝落绵通过一定比例混纺，可集两种纤维的优点于一身。文章介绍了大麻纤维和柞蚕丝的特性，探讨了纺纱各工序的工艺参数，针对两种纤维的特点，合理的配置工艺参数，可生产出优质的大麻／柞蚕丝混纺纱。