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101.
A simple model is developed to predict the formation of bromate ion as well as hypobromous acid/hypobromite ion through the hydroxyl radical pathway. For simplicity of the model, hydroxyl radical concentrations are represented by the concentration ratio of hydroxyl radical to dissolved ozone under the different pH conditions. A kinetic analysis is conducted to evaluate the ratio under the different pH conditions based on the experimental data. The different extent of the ratio by one pH unit is found to be 3–4 times. This model can favorably simulate the formations of bromate ion as well as hypobromous acid/hypobromite ion in spite of the simplicity of the model. So it is likely that this model will be applicable to the prediction of bromate ion formation in water purification process such as drinking water treatment by introducing the concentration ratio of hydroxyl radical to dissolved ozone. 相似文献
102.
Microfiltration and stabilization of egg yolk phospholipid emulsions by a microporous glass membrane
Yoshinori Mine Masaaki Shimizu Tadao Nakashima 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(10):1255-1258
A microporous glass membrane with a narrow-range pore size was applied for the microfiltration of egg yolk phospholipid emulsions.
The oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions were successfully filtered using the membrane without any coalescence of oil droplets
or the breakdown of the emulsions. The filtrated oil-in-water emulsion was stable for at least 6 wk when stored at 5°C. The
results obtained suggest that the technique would be valuable for the precise filtration of emulsions for food uses as well
as intravenous fat and/or drug carrier emulsions, and offer the stabilization of the emulsions. 相似文献
103.
Imoto Taiji; Yamada Hidenori; Yasukochi Takanori; Yamada Eiichi; Ito Yuji; Ueda Tadashi; Nagatani Hiroko; Miki Takeyoshi; Horiuchi Tadao 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1987,1(4):333-338
In the preceding paper in this issue, we described the overproduction of one mutant chicken lysozyme in Escherichia coil.Since this lysozyme contained two amino acid substitutions (Ala31ValandAsn106Ser)in addition to an extra methionine residue at theNH2-terminus the substituted amino acid residues were convertedback to the original ones by means of oligonucleotide-directedsite-specific mutagenesis and in vitro recombination. Thus fourkinds of chicken lysozyme [Met1 Val31Ser106-, Met1Ser106-,Met1 Val31-and Met1 (wild type)] wereexpressed in E. coli. From the results of folding experimentsof the reduced lysozymes by sulfhydryl-disulfide interchangeat pH 8.0 and 38°C, follow ed by the specific activity measurementsof the folded en zymes, the following conclusions can be drawn:(i) an extra methionine residue at the NH2-terminus reducesthe folding rate but does not affect the lysozyme activity ofthe folded enzyme; (ii) the substitution of Asn106 by Ser decreasesthe activity to 58% of that of intact native lysozyme withoutchanging the folding rate; and (iii) the substitution of Ala31Val prohibits the correct folding of lysozyme. Since the wildtype enzyme (Met1-lysozyme) was activated in vitro withoutloss of specific activity, the systems described in this study(mutagenesis, overproduction, purification and folding of inactivemutant lysozymes) may be useful in the study of folding pathways,expression of biological activity and stability of lysozyme. 相似文献
104.
105.
Dwiranti A Lin L Mochizuki E Kuwabata S Takaoka A Uchiyama S Fukui K 《Microscopy research and technique》2012,75(8):1113-1118
Electron microscopy has been used to visualize chromosome since it has high resolution and magnification. However, biological samples need to be dehydrated and coated with metal or carbon before observation. Ionic liquid is a class of ionic solvent that possesses advantageous properties of current interest in a variety of interdisciplinary areas of science. By using ionic liquid, biological samples need not be dehydrated or metal-coated, because ionic liquid behaves as the electronically conducting material for electron microscopy. The authors have investigated chromosome using ionic liquid in conjunction with electron microscopy and evaluated the factors that affect chromosome visualization. Experimental conditions used in the previous studies were further optimized. As a result, prewarmed, well-mixed, and low concentration (0.5~1.0%) ionic liquid provides well-contrasted images, especially when the more hydrophilic and the higher purity ionic liquid is used. Image contrast and resolution are enhanced by the combination of ionic liquid and platinum blue staining, the use of an indium tin oxide membrane, osmium tetroxide-coated coverslip, or aluminum foil as substrate, and the adjustment of electron acceleration voltage. The authors conclude that the ionic-liquid method is useful for the visualization of chromosome by scanning electron microscopy without dehydration or metal coating. 相似文献
106.
Miyuki Kusajima Moeka Fujita Khamsalath Soudthedlath Hidemitsu Nakamura Koichi Yoneyama Takahito Nomura Kohki Akiyama Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita Tadao Asami Hideo Nakashita 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(9)
Strigolactones are low-molecular-weight phytohormones that play several roles in plants, such as regulation of shoot branching and interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic weeds. Recently, strigolactones have been shown to be involved in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Herein, we analyzed the effects of strigolactones on systemic acquired resistance induced through salicylic acid-mediated signaling. We observed that the systemic acquired resistance inducer enhanced disease resistance in strigolactone-signaling and biosynthesis-deficient mutants. However, the amount of endogenous salicylic acid and the expression levels of salicylic acid-responsive genes were lower in strigolactone signaling-deficient max2 mutants than in wildtype plants. In both the wildtype and strigolactone biosynthesis-deficient mutants, the strigolactone analog GR24 enhanced disease resistance, whereas treatment with a strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitor suppressed disease resistance in the wildtype. Before inoculation of wildtype plants with pathogenic bacteria, treatment with GR24 did not induce defense-related genes; however, salicylic acid-responsive defense genes were rapidly induced after pathogenic infection. These findings suggest that strigolactones have a priming effect on Arabidopsis thaliana by inducing salicylic acid-mediated disease resistance. 相似文献
107.
Tadao Kato Yaichiro Watakabe Kazunori Saitoh Hiroaki Morimoto 《Microelectronic Engineering》1983,1(1):69-90
Development time of semiconductor devices which have a large volume of pattern data and fine feature size can be remarkably reduced by a high speed on-line system and an erase electron beam direct writing technology.Pattern data which is performed by a CAD system is converted by a VAX/780 and transmitted to an electron beam exposure system (EBES) through a communication controller at the speed of 1 Mbit/sec.Overlay accuracy less than 0.2 μm is obtained by scanning the alignment marks located at the periphery of a silicon wafer. The marks are fabricated by etching the silicon substrate to 2 μm depth.Radiation effects induced by electron beam irradiation is examined by Monte Carlo simulation.In production of ECL (emitter coupled logic) gate arrays using electron beam direct writing technology, the surface of the silicon nitride (SiN) interlevel insulation layer is coated with a thin conductive layer of TiW in order to avoid the charging phenomenon and the radiation damage caused by electron beam irradiation. 相似文献
108.
109.
Tadao Watanabe 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(12):4095-4115
A brief introduction of the historical background of grain boundary engineering for structural and functional polycrystalline
materials is presented herewith. It has been emphasized that the accumulation of fundamental knowledge about the structure
and properties of grain boundaries and interfaces has been extensively done by many researchers during the past one century.
A new approach in terms of the concept of grain boundary and interface engineering is discussed for the design and development
of high performance materials with desirable bulk properties. Recent advancements based on these concepts clearly demonstrate
the high potential and general applicability of grain boundary engineering for various kinds of structural and functional
materials. Future prospects of the grain boundary and interface engineering have been outlined, hoping that a new dimension
will emerge pertaining to the discovery of new materials and the generation of a new property originating from the presence
of grain boundaries and interfaces in advanced polycrystalline materials. 相似文献
110.
Dong-Rong Hwang Masamitsu Tamura Tadao Yoshida Nariaki Tanaka Fumio Hosoya 《Journal of Energetic Materials》2013,31(1-2):85-98
Abstract The AM1 molecular orbital method and reduced pressure differential scanning calorimetry(RP-DSC) were applied to nitro derivatives of benzene and toluene for estimating Δf(1) and Δf(c). The heats of phase change were determined by RP-DSC with moderate accuracy and the combination of the heats and Δf(g) estimated by AM1 gave Δf in condensed phases which are similar to those found in literatures. 相似文献