Implication of Remote Sensing Data under GIS Environment for Appraisal of Irrigation System Performance

Water Resources Management - Poor irrigation management is a common issue of irrigated agriculture. Assessment of irrigation system performance is essential to improve the irrigation system, which...     

Tunable structural and electrical impedance properties of ordered and disordered iron oxide phases for capacitive applications

Having extensive knowledge of room temperature and temperature dependent dielectric and impedance properties of iron oxide nanostructures will help in extending the field of application from biomedical sciences to microelectronics industry. This aspect of iron oxide has long been neglected and the attention is mostly focused on magnetic investigations. To explore and extend the field of application of iron oxide this study is focused on detailed investigation of structural as well as temperature dependent (30–210?°C) dielectric along with impedance analysis. Iron oxide nanostructures are prepared using template free oleic acid assisted sol-gel method with variation in molarity of the finally synthesized sol in the range of 0.2–2.0?mM (interval 0.2?mM). Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) phase is observed at molarity of 0.2?mM whereas, vacancy ordered and disordered maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃) phases are observed at molarities of 0.8–1.0?mM and 1.4–2.0?mM, respectively. Dielectric constant of 104.6, 74.5 and 98.43 (log f = 5.0) is observed at molarities of 0.2?mM, 1.0?mM and 2.0?mM for Fe₃O₄ and vacancy ordered (V_o) & disordered (V_d) γ-Fe₂O₃ phase, respectively. Zview software is used for the fitting of Nyquist plots. Fitted data reveals that dielectric constant strongly depends on grain boundary resistance (R_gb). Activation energy of 0.25?eV and 0.296?eV (log f = 5) is observed for Fe₃O₄ and V_d γ-Fe₂O₃ phase at 0.2?mM and 2.0?mM molarity of the final iron oxide sol.     

Study of the step coverage and contact resistance by using two-step TiN barrier and evolve simulation

Device aspect ratios and dimensions at the contact and via levels for old and new technologies are driving PVD/WCVD-based metallization to its full limit at integrated circuits (ICs) fabrication sites (Wilson et al., 1993). Contact and via This work describes the work performed at ST Microelectronics regarding the TiN barrier film properties with respect to process variables. Single-step and dual-step TiN barrier processes were studied for contact and via step coverage profiles used for aluminum and tungsten plug technologies. Electrical contact resistance values were evaluated using single and dual step TiN barrier processes. EVOLVE, a topography simulation program was used to study the step coverages and deposited film profiles for single and dual steps TiN barrier processes. In this work we prove that dual step TiN barrier process is superior to single step TiN barrier process in terms of step coverage, current leakage, film stress and contact resistance values.     

Geochemical characterization of sediments samples of Sembar Formation from three different wells of Southern Indus Basin

Sediment samples from three boreholes namely Paniro-II, North Akri, and Bhadmi of Sembar Formation, Southern Indus Basin were geochemically analyzed. The Soxhlet extracted bitumen were fractionated by column chromatography. The saturate fractions were further analyzed to evaluate type and quality of organic matter (OM). Total organic carbon, determined by a wet combustion titration method, indicates fair-to-good source rock potential. The plot of isoprenoids/n-Alkanes shows a mixed source of OM. Pristane/Phytane values and distribution of hydrocarbons showed dysoxic depositional environment. Carbon preference indices suggested increase in maturity with depth.     

Evaluation of geotechnical characteristics of Lasbela barite deposits of Balochistan,Pakistan, as heavyweight aggregate

A number of medium to small sized barite deposits are located within the Mor Mountain Range, Pakistan. The present study evaluated eight barite deposits from the Lasbela area, Balochistan, Pakistan, representing the different parts of the Mor Range. Evaluation of the barite content and those properties important in the production of heavyweight concrete aggregate indicated that the material would be suitable for the construction of earthquake resistant buildings and for radiation shielding.