A new method for the electro-optical measuring of fast high voltage pulses

This report describes a new method for measuring fast high voltage electric pulses based on one particular application of the Kerr effect. This work was carried out in order to further the development of optical particle detectors. At the present time with our method, the minimum risetime of the measured pulse reaches the nanosecond domain while the maximum voltage is limited only by the physical dimension of the electro-optical transducer.The measuring principle chosen requires a new calibration method in order to reconstruct the observed signal.The use of nitrobenzol as the active liquid allows the continuous modification of the cell sensitivity over a ratio of 1 to 3 without changing the geometry of the cell.     

System Operational Evaluation of Mine Monitoring Systems

In the testing of mine monitoring systems, a software package was developed for the mine monitoring test facility designed at West Virginia University. The software establishes delay times of sensor input to annunciation for single alarms and multiple simultaneous alarms. The alarm measurement techniques for the test fixture are described, as is the software developed to analyze and graph monitoring system response data. Also included is the analysis capability of the facility, the criteria for evaluating mine monitoring systems, and typical test data from a sample system.     

Structure observations by high-resolution electron microscopy of Ni-B melt-spun alloys (B<30 at%)

The microstructure of a series of Ni-B alloys (15 at%3B phase (a=0.44 nm,b=0.52 nm,c=0.66 nm) is expected. High-resolution electron microscopy images of Ni-25 at% B rapidly quenched indicate that a two-phase structure is observed. A metastable phase is observed with a periodicity of 1.0 nm. HREM images and EELS analyses led us to propose the structure of this metastable phase. This phase (Ni₅B₂) is correlated with the monoclinic Hägg carbide Fe₅C₂. Depending on the velocity of the substrate and on the boron concentration, a variety of microstructures has been observed from a faulted to a semi-amorphous structure. The structures are related to the solidification behaviour and the heat flow in the undercooled melt. Particular attention was paid to the eutectic Ni-Ni₃B composition.     

Interfacial strength and chemistry of additive-free silicon nitride ceramics brazed with aluminium

Two kinds of additive-free silicon nitride ceramics were brazed with aluminium; one was with as-ground faying surfaces and the other was with faying surfaces heat-treated at 1073K for 1.8 ksec in air. The heat-treatment of the silicon nitride ceramics formed a silicon oxynitride layer on the faying surfaces and increased the brazing strength of the joints. A silica-alumina non-crystalline layer and a β′-sialon layer were formed successively from the aluminium side at the interface of the joints. The heat-treatment which made the former layer thicker is a necessary process in making reliable, strong brazed joints.     

Grain boundary resistivity in Y-TZP materials as a function of thermal history

Grain-boundary resistivity in yttria-containing tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) materials dominates the total resistivity. Impedance measurements combined with microstructural studies suggest that post-sintering heat treatments (in particular the cooling rate) influence the location of the grain-boundary phase which, in turn, has a significant effect on the grain-boundary resistivity. Higher cooling rates from the sintering temperature lead to reduction in the grain-boundary resistivity. In both alumina-containing and relatively pure tetragonal zirconia polycrystals, post-sintering heat treatments have a less conspicuous effect. The activation energy associated with the grain-boundary resistivity was independent of the post-sintering heat treatments but was 25 to 30 kJ mol^–1 higher than that for the oxygen-ion conduction within the grains at low temperatures.