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121.
The initiation of microcracks at MsS inclusions and their coalescence during fracture toughness tests of ASTM A533B steel
compact tension specimens were detected by an acoustic emission technique. The sources of emission, which are characterized
by the crack size and orientation, fracture mode, and time history, are represented by a time-dependent moment tensor. Since
the recorded waveforms are related to the moment tensor, the Green’s displacement functions of the specimen, and the transfer
function of the recording system by a convolution integral in the theory of elastodynamics, the moment tensors are determined
by techniques of deconvolution. Two types of sources were found: a tensile mode of crack caused by decohesion of MnS inclusion
and the coalescence of microcracks with mixed tensile and shear modes. The dimensions and time durations of microcracks were
also estimated in this study.
T{upakanori} O{uphira}, Late Associate Professor of the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan, died on December 9, 1987, at the age of 33 years. He had been a Visiting Scientist at Cornell University from
1984 through 1986 under the sponsorship of the Japan Society for the promotion of Science. 相似文献
122.
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124.
This paper deals withspontaneous behavior for cooperation through interaction in a distributed autonomous robot system. Though a human gives the robots evaluation
functions for the relation of cooperation among robots, each robot decides its behavior depending on its environment, its
experience, and the behavior of other robots. The robot acquires a model of the behavior of the other robots through learning.
Inspired by biological systems, the robot's behaviors are interpreted as emotional by an observer of the system. In psychology,
the emotions have been considered to play important roles for generation of motivation and behavior selection. In this paper,
the robot's behaviors are interpreted as follows: each robot feels frustration when its behavior decision does not fit its
environment. Then, it changes its behavior to change its situation actively and spontaneously. The results show potential
of intelligent behavior by emotions.
This work was presented, in part, at the International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, February 18–20,
1996 相似文献
125.
A work environment should be designed to minimise physical workload. We propose an optimal work environment design method to accomplish this, in which joint moment ratios were calculated by biomechanical analyses through digital human modelling (DHM) and were used to indicate physical workload. The work environment design problem was formulated as a multi-objective optimisation problem, minimising the average and maximum joint moment ratio values to determine the optimal work environment. Sequential approximate optimisation, which improves the accuracy of the response surface by sequentially adding new sampling points from a simulation, was applied to efficiently obtain a precise optimal solution. The proposed method was applied to designing a work table height for light assembly tasks. This method determined the optimal work table height considering the anthropometric diversity of workers from a relatively small number of subjects. Through this case study, the validity of the proposed method is discussed. 相似文献
126.
Tetsuya Kida Takanori Oka Masamitsu Nagano Yoichi Ishiwata Xu-Guang Zheng 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(1):107-110
Colloidal suspensions of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by an alcothermal method, in which copper acetate was reacted with sodium hydroxide in the presence of acetic acid in ethanol at 78°C. The prepared suspension was stable for up to 1 month without stabilizers such as surfactants. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the suspension contained nanosized CuO particles of 5–10 nm size with a narrow size distribution. Nanoparticulate CuO films packed with grains smaller than 60 nm were fabricated on Si substrates by spin coating a suspension of CuO nanoparticles and subsequent heat treatment at 500°C. 相似文献
127.
Eiji Uchino Takanori Koga Hideaki Misawa Noriaki Suetake 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》2014,25(5):973-982
We propose a tissue characterization method for coronary plaques by using fractal analysis-based features. Those features are obtained from radiofrequency (RF) signals measured by the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) method. The IVUS method is used for the diagnosis of the acute coronary syndrome. In the proposed method, the fact that the complexity of the tissue structures is reflected in the RF signals is used. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through some experiments by using IVUS RF signals obtained from rabbits and human patients. 相似文献
128.
Imoto Taiji; Yamada Hidenori; Yasukochi Takanori; Yamada Eiichi; Ito Yuji; Ueda Tadashi; Nagatani Hiroko; Miki Takeyoshi; Horiuchi Tadao 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1987,1(4):333-338
In the preceding paper in this issue, we described the overproduction of one mutant chicken lysozyme in Escherichia coil.Since this lysozyme contained two amino acid substitutions (Ala31ValandAsn106Ser)in addition to an extra methionine residue at theNH2-terminus the substituted amino acid residues were convertedback to the original ones by means of oligonucleotide-directedsite-specific mutagenesis and in vitro recombination. Thus fourkinds of chicken lysozyme [Met1 Val31Ser106-, Met1Ser106-,Met1 Val31-and Met1 (wild type)] wereexpressed in E. coli. From the results of folding experimentsof the reduced lysozymes by sulfhydryl-disulfide interchangeat pH 8.0 and 38°C, follow ed by the specific activity measurementsof the folded en zymes, the following conclusions can be drawn:(i) an extra methionine residue at the NH2-terminus reducesthe folding rate but does not affect the lysozyme activity ofthe folded enzyme; (ii) the substitution of Asn106 by Ser decreasesthe activity to 58% of that of intact native lysozyme withoutchanging the folding rate; and (iii) the substitution of Ala31Val prohibits the correct folding of lysozyme. Since the wildtype enzyme (Met1-lysozyme) was activated in vitro withoutloss of specific activity, the systems described in this study(mutagenesis, overproduction, purification and folding of inactivemutant lysozymes) may be useful in the study of folding pathways,expression of biological activity and stability of lysozyme. 相似文献
129.
Takanori Komatsu Seiji Yamada 《International journal of human-computer interaction》2013,29(3):260-279
An experimental investigation into how the appearance of an agent such as a robot or PC affects people's interpretations of the agent's attitudes is presented. In general, people are said to create stereotypical agent behavioral models in their minds based on the agents' appearances, and these appearances significantly affect their way of interaction. Therefore, it is quite important to address with the following research question: How does an agent's appearance affect its interactions with people? Specifically, a preliminary experiment was conducted to select eight artificial sounds for which people can estimate two specific primitive attitudes (e.g., positive or negative). Then an experiment was conducted where the participants were presented with the selected artificial sounds through three kinds of agents: a MindStorms robot, AIBO robot, and laptop PC. In particular, the participants were asked to select the correct attitudes based on the sounds expressed by these three agents. The results showed that the participants had better interpretation rates when a PC presented the sounds and lower rates when the MindStorms and AIBO robots presented the sounds, even though the sounds expressed by these agents were the same. The results of this study contribute to the design policy of the interactive agents, such as, What types of appearances should agents have to effectively interact with people, and which kinds of information should these agents express to people? 相似文献
130.
This study investigates the effects of large-scale research funding from the Japanese government on the research outcomes of university researchers. To evaluate the effects, we use the difference-in-differences estimator and measure research outcomes in terms of number of papers and citation counts per paper. Our analysis shows that the funding program led to an increase in the number of papers in some fields and an increase in the citation counts in the other fields. A comparison of our estimation results with assessment data obtained from peer reviews showed important differences. Since the characteristics of research vary according to the field, bibliometrics analysis should be used along with the peer review method for a more accurate analysis of research impact. 相似文献