大颗粒生物质高温热解模型的建立及数值模拟

通过对生物质理化特性和热解机理的深入分析,建立了高温条件下生物质热解模型.耦合生物质热解化学反应动力学方程和传热方程,用四阶龙格库塔法和三角追赶法求解,并将计算结果与文献中的实验数据进行对比.模拟结果表明:在径向位置颗粒中心温度的增加速率比表面的增加速率高;随着颗粒粒径的增加,生物质热解完成所需的时间加长;大分子焦油在1273K以上才开始快速裂解,温度越高裂解速率越快,当温度达到1673K时,大分子焦油几乎裂解完全.     

Experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of low mass flux rifled tube with upward flow

An experiment for heat transfer of water flowing in a vertical rifled tube was conducted at subcritical and supercritical pressure. The main purpose is to explore the heat transfer characteristics of the new-type rifled tube at low mass flux. Operating conditions included pressures of 12–30 MPa, mass flux of 232–1200 kg/(m² s), and wall heat fluxes of 133–719 kW/m². The heat transfer performance and wall temperature distribution at various operating conditions were captured in the experiment. In the present paper, the heat transfer mechanism of the rifled tube was analyzed, the effects of pressure, wall heat flux and mass flux on heat transfer were discussed, and corresponding empirical correlations were also presented. The experimental results exhibit that the rifled tube has an obvious enhancement in heat transfer, even at low mass flux. In comparison with a smooth tube, the rifled tube efficiently prevents Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) and delays dryout at subcritical pressure, and also improves the heat transfer of supercritical water remarkably, especially near pseudo-critical point. An increase in pressure or wall heat flux impairs the heat transfer at both subcritical and supercritical pressure, whereas the increasing mass flux has a contrary effect.     

Multi-objective optimization of cassava-based fuel ethanol used as an alternative automotive fuel in Guangxi,China

Multi-objective optimization of net energy, external costs of environment pollutant-emissions, and cost of using cassava-based fuel ethanol as an alternative automotive fuel in Guangxi has been conducted based on its holistic life cycle, from feedstock production to fuel combustion. A new indicator, cost of net energy (CNE), linking net energy-yield, external cost of environment pollutant-emissions, and production cost (the lower the CNE reading, the better the total performance) of ethanol–gasoline blends, is proposed for carrying out multi-objective optimization. On the life-cycle basis, CNE of ethanol–gasoline blends is found to obtain its lowest value, i.e. 0.119  RMB/MJ, when processing fuel during the ethanol conversion stage was natural gas and the ratio of ethanol blended with gasoline was 5%. From the standpoint of the CNE indicator, the most viable implement form of cassava-based fuel ethanol should be used as one of oxygenate additives. The recommended processing fuel during ethanol conversion stage should be natural gas.     

东方超超临界二次再热660MW汽轮机热力设计特点

二次中间再热机组相对一次再热机组经济性提高约1．5％．文章详细论述了东方660MW二次再热超超临界汽轮机的热力设计特点,对促进我国火力发电技术进步和节能减排具有现实意义,为我国大容量燃煤机组发展提供了示范,为更高参数700℃等级燃煤电站的实现具有示范和技术储备的作用。     

Microstructure tailoring of YSZ/Ni-YSZ dual-layer hollow fibers for micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell application

YSZ/NiO-YSZ dual-layer hollow fibers with a thin YSZ top layer integrated on a porous NiO-YSZ (60:40 in weight) support, have been developed by one step method via a co-spinning-sintering process. Hydrogen reduction was performed to form YSZ/Ni-YSZ micro tube as the half solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The microstructure of the dual-layer hollow fibers was tailored by adding ethanol as non-solvent in the initial mixture dopes for NiO-YSZ anode spinning. LSM cathode containing 20 wt%-YSZ was deposited on the electrolyte surface by dip-coating method to fabricate micro-tubular SOFCs. Experimental results indicate that the dual-layer hollow fibers from the anode dopes containing 15–20 wt% of ethanol possess the desired microstructure with optimized properties, such as the bending strength of 180 MPa, the porosity of 38–35% and the conductivity of 3000 S cm⁻¹ at room temperature. The micro-tubular SOFCs fabricated from such hollow fibers show a maximum power density up to 485 mW cm⁻² at 850 °C with 20 mL min⁻¹ of H₂ as fuel and 30 mL min⁻¹ air as oxidant, respectively.     

发动机余热回收及利用专利技术现状及其发展趋势

围绕发动机余热回收及利用技术进行专利分析研究,对其专利布局情况和专利态势情况从专利申请量、专利申请类型、专利申请人区域分布等角度进行了宏观上的总体分析,以期通过对国内外的专利分析了解世界范围内发动机余热回收和利用技术的发展趋势,掌握国外相关企业在我国的专利布局情况,发现我国企业在技术研发中的优势或不足,供中国企业和研究院、所等寻找技术突破点及制定专利战略时参考。     

基于激光加热技术的活塞热负荷试验方法研究

通过对发动机活塞实际工作温度场分布规律与冷却特点的分析,提出了以激光作为热源,应用能量分配与光学转换技术模拟再现活塞温度场分布及热负荷作用的试验方法.研究结果表明该方法对活塞顶部不同区域温度可控,瞬态温度模拟真实,损伤监测到位,试验效率高.为今后开展活塞热损伤,热疲劳机理研究及提高活塞热负荷评估试验的置信度奠定了基础.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱鉴别潲水油方法研究

通过湿法消解和温水浸提处理样品市售合格食用油和不同来源潲水油样品后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱检测样品金属元素含量。结果显示：不同来源潲水油和合格食用油Na、Al等金属元素含量检测结果比较差异有统计学意义（p〈0.05）;温水浸提法处理潲水油样品后用ICP-MS法检测Na、Al等金属元素含量,可满足不同来源潲水油样品和样品快速检测需求。     

Generating Aptamers by Cell-SELEX for Applications in Molecular Medicine

Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides of DNA or RNA that bind to target molecules with high affinity and specificity. Typically, aptamers are generated by an iterative selection process, called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Recent advancements in SELEX technology have extended aptamer selection from comparatively simple mixtures of purified proteins to whole living cells, and now cell-based SELEX (or cell-SELEX) can isolate aptamers that bind to specific target cells. Combined with nanotechnology, microchips, microfluidic devices, RNAi and other advanced technologies, cell-SELEX represents an integrated platform providing ultrasensitive and highly specific tools for clinical medicine. In this review, we describe the recent progress made in the application of cell-SELEX for diagnosis, therapy and biomarker discovery.     

淤浆法聚乙烯催化剂的研究

在催化剂的制备过程中引入给电子体,不同的给电子体对催化剂的性能有不同的影响。尤其在90℃时加入二苯基二甲氧基硅烷给电子体化合物（给电子体与MgCl2的摩尔比为0.3）,所制备的催化剂各方面的性能较好。将加入上述给电子体所得的催化剂用于乙烯淤浆聚合实验,结果表明,聚乙烯树脂堆密度明显提高,粒度分布集中,细粉含量明显减少。