Preparation,characterization and salt-resistance of a coal based super absorbent composite

Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/potassium humate (PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator.The effects of reaction temperature,degree of neutralization of the poly (acrylic acid) and the amounts of crosslinker,initiator and potassium humate were investigated.Salt resistance tests were also carried out.The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium humate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water,and 349,286 and 41 g/g in 0.5 mol/L KC1,MgCl2 and AlCl3 solutions respectively.The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate.The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Introduction of potassium humate into the poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments.The salt resisting property of the composite is improved,production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.     

An improvement to the simulation of phase-change heat-transfer during soil freezing and thawing

A new variable time step method, which is called the backwards calculating time step method, is presented in this paper. It allows numerical simulation of soil freezing and thawing while avoiding "phase change missing and overflowing". A sensitive heat capacity model is introduced through which the calculation errors are analyzed. Then the equation using the self-adjusted time step is presented and solved using finite differences. Through this equation, the time needed for a space cell to reach the phase change point temperature is calculated. Using this time allows the time step to be adjusted so that errors caused by "phase change missing and overflowing" are successfully eliminated. Above all, the obvious features of this method are an accelerated rate for adjusting the time step and simplifing the computations. An actual example proves that this method can accurately calculate the temperature fields during soil freezing and thawing. It is an improvement over traditional methods and can be widely used on com- plicated multi-dimensional phase change problems.     

基于Kanai-Tajimi模型的地震作用荷载新型识别方法

目的研究一种识别地震作用荷载的方法,为地震作用荷载的识别与相应结构的动力特性、损伤的识别提供一种新的途径,进一步为结构的安全性、损伤进程和耐久性等研究提供理论参考.方法利用Kanai-Tajimi模型将单位强度白噪声过程模拟为未知的地震作用,并将其作用在结构上,然后根据数值模拟计算得到的结构体系响应作为观测量,采用Kalman滤波对未知荷载状态加以识别.结果最终可以利用结构的加速度响应反演得出地震作用的等效荷载,在人工添加5%观测噪声的条件下,最大误差率为7%左右,而在人工添加10%观测噪声的条件下,最大误差率为8%左右.结论通过算例的验证,说明笔者所采用的方法精度较高,获得了较好的识别效果.     

Bone Tissue Response to the Bone-like Tissue Coating on Titanium

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mineralized bone nodules, formed in vitro by bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs), on the new bone formation in bone defect and on implant surface. The mineralized bone nodules were generated by culture of Lewis rats BMSCs on titanium disks in osteogenic induction medium. The gap-healing animal model was used to create the bone defect facing the disk. The titanium disks in the presence of B group or in the absence of NB group bone nodules were randomly placed into one of the rat distal femurs. This self-control design was used to compare the bone formation in defects and on titanium surface, by Micro-CT, fluorescence staining, histological and histomorphometric analysis. The new bone formation parameters in bone defect area of B group were significantly higher than those of NB group at 2 weeks, including bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and bone area ratio. The bone nodules pre-stained with Alizarin red disappeared mostly at 2 weeks, while the red fluorescence reappeared in the newly formed bone away from the disk surface. For the bone-implant contact, B group showed lower values than NB group at 2 weeks, but no significant difference was found at 4 weeks. Our results indicate that the mineralized bone nodules can be resorbed in vivo and promote the early osteogenesis in the bone defects, and bone nodules may be applicable for new bone generation in bone defect or modification of tissue engineering scaffold.     

民族传统体育项目引入高校体育课的研究

在高校开展少数民族传统优秀体育项目教学,不仅能使少数民族传统体育走向规范化、科学化,较好地展现学生的运动能力,培养民族文化情感,激发民族热情,更重要的是还能提高学生的身心健康和综合素质,有利于对民族传统体育的继承、发展和广泛地传播。     

红色文化:马克思主义中国化的文化棱镜

马克思主义基本原理的理论自觉、中国传统文化的文化自觉、人民群众的实践自觉的三者和谐互动与有机统一,创造与发展了中国主流意识形态与文化的特殊形态,二者构成了马克思主义中国化历程中的两个主要面相,在此进程中,生成了两种主要形态,即中国化的马克思主义理论形态和以革命遗迹为"底板"的红色文化形态。作为一种特殊的文化形态,红色文化不仅是马克思主义中国化的文化自觉和文化再造的产物,也是继续推进马克思主义中国化的文化展望的对象。     

厚实工作台的铸造工艺

对厚大工作台铸件表面结疤和石墨孔洞缺陷的原因进行了分析，并采取相应措施：采用过滤网挡渣，确保造型、刷涂料、浇注之间有充分的时间间隔，控制涂料的配制和涂刷，控制铁液成分，采用冷铁等，使铸件达到质量要求。     

高钒高速钢碳化钒形态的数值化分析

针对碳化钒的不同形态,设计出定量分析软件,并利用形状因子K,实现了高钒高速钢不同碳化物形态数值化处理,当K介于0.785～1.000之间碳化钒形态为团球状;K≤0.223,碳化钒呈开花状.高钒高速钢当碳含量达到4.2%时,K为0.86和当量直径D为0.78μm,碳化物呈团球状均匀分布.