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51.
Jiong Zhao Honggi Nam Thuc Hue Ly Seok Joon Yun Sera Kim Suyeon Cho Heejun Yang Young Hee Lee 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(1)
Defects in bulk crystals can be classified into vacancies, interstitials, grain boundaries, stacking faults, dislocations, and so forth. In particular, the vacancy in semiconductors is a primary defect that governs electrical transport. Concentration of vacancies depends mainly on the growth conditions. Individual vacancies instead of aggregated vacancies are usually energetically more favorable at room temperature because of the entropy contribution. This phenomenon is not guaranteed in van der Waals 2D materials due to the reduced dimensionality (reduced entropy). Here, it is reported that the 1D connected/aggregated vacancies are energetically stable at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy observations demonstrate the preferential alignment direction of the vacancy chains varies in different 2D crystals: MoS2 and WS2 prefer direction, while MoTe2 prefers direction. This difference is mainly caused by the different strain effect near the chalcogen vacancies. Black phosphorous also exhibits directional double‐chain vacancies along 〈01〉 direction. Density functional theory calculations predict that the chain vacancies act as extended gap (conductive) states. The observation of the chain vacancies in 2D crystals directly explains the origin of n‐type behavior in MoTe2 devices in recent experiments and offers new opportunities for electronic structure engineering with various 2D materials. 相似文献
52.
Tran Huu Nam Ken Goto Kahori Oshima E.V.A. Premalal Yoshinobu Shimamura Yoku Inoue 《Advanced Composite Materials》2016,25(1):73-86
A solid-state drawing and winding process was done to create thin aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets from CNT arrays. However, waviness and poor packing of CNTs in the sheets are two main weaknesses restricting their reinforcing efficiency in composites. This report proposes a simple press-drawing technique to reduce wavy CNTs and to enhance dense packing of CNTs in the sheets. Non-pressed and pressed CNT/epoxy composites were developed using prepreg processing with a vacuum-assisted system. Effects of pressing on the mechanical properties of the aligned CNT sheets and CNT/epoxy composites were examined. Pressing with distributed loads of 147, 221, and 294 N/m showed a substantial increase in the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of the aligned CNT sheets and their composites. The CNT sheets under a press load of 221 N/m exhibited the best mechanical properties found in this study. With a press load of 221 N/m, the pressed CNT sheet and its composite, respectively, enhanced the tensile strength by 139.1 and 141.9%, and the elastic modulus by 489 and 77.6% when compared with non-pressed ones. The pressed CNT/epoxy composites achieved high tensile strength (526.2 MPa) and elastic modulus (100.2 GPa). Results show that press-drawing is an important step to produce superior CNT sheets for development of high-performance CNT composites. 相似文献
53.
Thang Phan Nguyen Abdullah Ozturk Jongee Park Woonbae Sohn Tae Hyung Lee 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2018,19(1):10-17
In this work, CsPbBr3 and PbSe nanocomposites were synthesized to protect perovskite material from self-enlargement during reaction. UV absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicate that the addition of Se into CsPbBr3 quantum dots modified the electronic structure of CsPbBr3, increasing the band gap from 2.38 to 2.48 eV as the Cs:Se ratio increased to 1:3. Thus, the emission color of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots was modified from green to blue by increasing the Se ratio in composites. According to X-ray diffraction patterns, the structure of CsPbBr3 quantum dots changed from cubic to orthorhombic due to the introduction of PbSe at the surface. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy confirmed that the atomic distribution in CsPbBr3/PbSe composite clusters is uniform and the composite materials were well formed. The PL intensity of a CsPbBr3/PbSe sample with a 1:1 Cs:Se ratio maintained 50% of its initial intensity after keeping the sample for 81 h in air, while the PL intensity of CsPbBr3 reduced to 20% of its initial intensity. Therefore, it is considered that low amounts of Se could improve the stability of CsPbBr3 quantum dots. 相似文献
54.
Study on the solidification cracking behaviour of high strength aluminum alloy welds: Effects of alloying elements and solidification behaviours 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The solidification cracking susceptibility of the 7000 series Al-Zn-Mg high strength aluminum alloy has been studied. The cracking behaviour of the specimens were evaluated by a Tig-a-Ma-Jig Varestraint test process under various augmented strain conditions. It has been experimentally observed that the addition of copper decreased the solidification cracking resistivity of the high strength aluminum alloy weld metal by increasing the total crack length (TCL). The effect of the addition of manganese on the solidification cracking behaviour is found to be beneficial by markedly decreasing the solidification cracking susceptibility as the manganese content increases from 0.3 to 0.7%. This enhancement by manganese is understood to be attributed to the reduction of the mushy zone size during the solidification process. The effects of chromium and zirconium additions are also investigated. The weld metal containing zirconium is less sensitive to the solidification cracking than the weld metal containing chromium. In addition, the solidification behaviours of the tested alloys are also investigated and it is found that as the solidification temperature range (T) becomes narrow, the solidified structure becomes more dendritic in its features which is believed to create higher solidification cracking resistance. 相似文献
55.
This study presents a method that uses a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) to continuously separate particles in a size-gradient
manner in a microchannel flow. The proposed method was applied to a colloidal suspension containing poly dispersed particles
with three different sizes (1, 5, and 10 μm) but the same density and compressibility. Particle suspension was focused hydrodynamically
at an entrance region, and particles were forced actively toward the side wall where SSAW-pressure nodes were generated by
two interdigital transducers (IDTs) across the channel. The particles placed in the middle stream, in which the shear rate
was minimized, were separated successfully in a size-gradient manner by acoustic force. In addition, this study further developed
an analytical model to predict the displacement of particles in microchannel flow by considering viscous, acoustic, and diffusive
forces. The predicted values of particle displacement showed excellent agreement with the experimental results, and diffusion
was found to be important and not negligible. The advantage of this method is to minimize the shear rate on particles, which
would be useful for potential applications of shear-dependent cells such as platelets. 相似文献
56.
Ohad Gur Manav Bhatia William H. Mason Joseph A. Schetz Rakesh K. Kapania Taewoo Nam 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2011,44(2):277-298
The paper describes the development of a multidisciplinary design optimization framework for conceptual design of truss-braced
wing configurations. This unconventional configuration requires specialized analysis tools supported by a modular and flexible
framework to accommodate different configurations. While the previous framework developed at Virginia Tech was a monolithic
Fortran-77 code, the need for more flexibility for complex truss-braced wing configurations was addressed by the development
of this new framework, which is based on Phoenix Integration ModelCenterTM environment. The framework uses updated structural and aerodynamic design modules that enable a more general geometry definition.
The new framework, thus, provides a foundation for future design concepts, especially multi-member truss-braced wing configurations.
The fuel saving potential of these truss-braced wing configurations is presented by comparing different truss designs with
gradually increased level of complexity. 相似文献
57.
Yong‐Kyu Jang Seong Jun Lee Jae Young Lee Yi Li Jae Hoon Hwang Sang Woo Kim Chang Woo Shim Ju Yeon Seo Nam Jin Kim Yi Joon Ahn Nam Hee Kim Seon Hong Ahn Seong Ryong Lee Dae Hee Park Chi Woo Kim 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2011,19(3):253-257
Abstract— A novel pixel design for vertical‐alignment LCDs with superior transmittance has been developed. The new liquid‐crystal mode, refered to as the hole‐induced vertical‐alignment mode (Hi‐VA), uses a via hole of an organic layer on a TFT substrate to achieve multi‐domain alignment. Compared to the conventional design, the Hi‐VA mode has a transmittance of up to 135% with a contrast ratio of 2000:1. Moreover, the new structure is free from ITO patterning or protrusion on the color‐filter side, which makes the fabrication process simple and low cost. 相似文献
58.
Beomseok Nam Minho Shin Henrique Andrade Alan Sussman 《Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing》2010
In distributed query processing systems, load balancing plays an important role in maximizing system throughput. When queries can leverage cached intermediate results, improving the cache hit ratio becomes as important as load balancing in query scheduling, especially when dealing with computationally expensive queries. The scheduling policies must be designed to take into consideration the dynamic contents of the distributed caching infrastructure. In this paper, we propose and discuss several distributed query scheduling policies that directly consider the available cache contents by employing distributed multidimensional indexing structures and an exponential moving average approach to predicting cache contents. These approaches are shown to produce better query plans and faster query response times than traditional scheduling policies that do not predict dynamic contents in distributed caches. We experimentally demonstrate the utility of the scheduling policies using MQO, which is a distributed, Grid-enabled, multiple query processing middleware system we developed to optimize query processing for data analysis and visualization applications. 相似文献
59.
Nam Gyu ChoAuthor Vitae In-Sung HwangAuthor VitaeHo-Gi KimAuthor Vitae Jong-Heun LeeAuthor VitaeIl-Doo KimAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,155(1):366-371
This work presents a simple and versatile route to produce macroporous p-type metal oxide thin films. Two-dimensional arrays of p-type NiO films with a hollow hemisphere structure were fabricated by colloidal templating and RF-sputtering followed by a subsequent heat treatment. The diameter and shell thickness of the NiO hemisphere were 800 nm and 20 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis indicate that the pure NiO phase with grain size of 10 nm was obtained at calcination temperatures that exceeded 450 °C. Close-packed arrays of hollow NiO hemispheres were found to exhibit p-type gas sensing properties against (CO, H2, C3H8, CH4, NO2, and C2H5OH), leading to significantly enhanced responses to C2H5OH (Rgas/Rair = 5.0 at 200 ppm). 相似文献
60.
Autonomous topological modeling of a home environment and topological localization using a sonar grid map 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents a method of autonomous topological modeling and localization in a home environment using only low-cost
sonar sensors. The topological model is extracted from a grid map using cell decomposition and normalized graph cut. The autonomous
topological modeling involves the incremental extraction of a subregion without predefining the number of subregions. A method
of topological localization based on this topological model is proposed wherein a current local grid map is compared with
the original grid map. The localization is accomplished by obtaining a node probability from a relative motion model and rotational
invariant grid-map matching. The proposed method extracts a well-structured topological model of the environment, and the
localization provides reliable node probability even when presented with sparse and uncertain sonar data. Experimental results
demonstrate the performance of the proposed topological modeling and localization in a real home environment. 相似文献