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971.
Il Song Park Tae Gyu Woo Min Ho Lee Seung Geun Ahn Myung Sik Park Tae Sung Bae Kyeong Won Seol 《Metals and Materials International》2006,12(6):505-511
Anodic oxidation is the process of creating a titanium oxide layer with various defects more dense and stable. In this study,
a dense, stable and porous oxide layer was formed using anodic spark oxidation on pure titanium surface and hydroxyapatite
crystals were formed on its surface via a hydrothermal treatment. A mixture of 0.02M−GP (Glycerolphosphate disodium salt)
and 0.2M-CA (Calcium acetate) was used as an electrolyte. By increasing the anodizing voltage to 220, 260, 300, and 360 V,
the effects of the anodizing voltage were examined by evaluating the film properties after anodization and a hydrothermal
treatment. Breakdown occurred around 230 V. As the voltage increased after breakdown, the pore size increased. After the hydrothermal
treatment, the amount of HA crystal precipitation was also increased as the voltage increased. The mean surface roughness
(Ra) of the anodizing surface was also increased as the voltage increased. The Ra value was larger in the hydrothermally treated
group compared with the group treated with anodization as a result of the HA crystals present on the surface after the hydrothermal
treatment. Corrosion resistance of the surface modified by anodization was significantly increased in a saline solution compared
to that for the non-treated group; this increased further after the hydrothermal treatment. These increases were most likely
due to a thick stable oxide layer formed through anodization. Thus, it is believed that titanium with its surface modified
through anodic spark oxidation would be a suitable biomaterial due to its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. 相似文献
972.
973.
Ming Zhou Henry Hu Naiyi Li Jason Lo 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2005,14(4):539-545
High-pressure die cast magnesium alloy AM50 is currently used extensively in large and complex shaped thin-wall automotive
components. For further expansion of the alloy usage in automobiles, novelmanufacturing processes need to be developed. In
this study, squeeze casting of AM50 alloy with a relatively thick cross section was carried out using a hydraulic press with
an applied pressure of 70 MPa. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the squeeze cast AM50 with a cross-section thickness
of 10 mm were characterized in comparison with the die cast counterpart. The squeeze cast AM50 alloy exhibits virtually no
porosity in the microstructure as evaluated by both optical microscopy and the density measurement technique. The results
of tensile testing indicate the improved tensile properties, specifically ultimate tensile strength and elongation, for the
squeeze cast samples over the conventional high-pressure die cast parts. The analysis of tensile behavior show that the strain-hardening
rate during the plastic deformation of the squeeze cast specimens is constantly higher than that of the die cast specimens.
The scanning electron microscopy fractography evidently reveals the ductile fracture features of the squeeze cast alloy AM50. 相似文献
974.
Edward J. Daniels Joseph A. CarpenterJr. Claudia Duranceau Michael Fisher Candace Wheeler Gerald Winslow 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2004,56(8):28-32
Approximately 15 million cars and trucks reach the end of their useful life in the United States each year. More than 75%
of the materials from end-of-life vehicles are profitably recovered and recycled by the private sector; automotive materials
recycling is a success story. To achieve greater fuel efficiency and safety, today’s cars incorporate an increasing share
of innovative light-weight materials. While these materials greatly enhance efficiency during vehicle use, they can present
special challenges for recycling. These challenges will persist as automotive designs and the mix of materials used in vehicles
continue evolving to further improve safety and performance. To meet the challenges of automotive materials recycling, the
U.S. Department of Energy has recently expanded its collaborative research with industry in this area. This article discusses
this collaborative government/industry approach to sustainable end-of-life vehicle recycling.
For more information, contact Edward J. Daniels, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Building 362, Room C393,
Argonne, IL 60439-4815; (630) 252-5279; fax (630) 252-1342; e-mail edaniels@anl.gov. 相似文献
975.
Jae?H.?KimEmail author Jung?M.?Lee Ho?C.?Shin Young?H.?Paik 《Metals and Materials International》2003,9(6):593-597
It is known that oxide inclusions in liquid metal carry mostly positive charges on their surfaces. In an electrostatic field,
therefore, such charged particles suspended in a liquid metal experience forces and accumulate in the region of the negatively
charged surface, resulting in the separation of oxide inclusions from the liquid metal. In this study, this principle was
experimentally demonstrated for the case of a capacitor cell by the imposition of a d.c. potential on electrodes. The capacitor
cell consisted of a dielectric container of Pyrex tube, a high voltage d.c. source, and two electrodes, which were symmetrically
attached onto the outer surface of the Pyrex. tube. Experiments were carried out for suspensions of liquid tin/metal oxides,
such as SnO2, WO3, and PbO under an applied potential of up to 12 kV. All experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical
prediction and showed that the degree of separation was significantly increased with the applied potential. 相似文献
976.
D. Galvan V. Ocelík Y. Pei B. J. Kooi Jeff Th. M. De Hosson E. Ramous 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2004,13(4):406-412
TiB/Ti-6Al-4V metal-matrix composite (MMC) layers were produced on Ti-6Al-4V substrates by laser cladding. A TiB2/Ti powder mixture was used as a precursor to obtain a dispersion of TiB needles in the Ti alloy matrix, with the aid of an
exothermic reaction between TiB2 and Ti. A eutectic microstructure was obtained that consisted of an extremely homogeneous dispersion of TiB eutectic needles
in the Ti alloy matrix, having a volume fraction as high as 0.33. Also, an equilibrium-like microstructure was found, consisting
of a dispersion of both primary and eutectic TiB needles inside the Ti alloy matrix. An analysis of the geometry of the layers
was performed and proved successful in determining the percentage of B. Further, it correctly predicted the variation of atomic
B content as a function of laser power. The relative wear resistance coefficient, defined as the wear coefficient of the uncoated
matrix divided by that of coating, shows an improvement by a factor as high as 1500 for the eutectic microstructure.
This paper was presented at the 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress sponsored by ASM International, on September
15–17, 2003, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and appeared on pp. 411–18 of the Proceedings. 相似文献
977.
Tae-Sik Kim Young-Je An Kwang Ho Kim Won-Sub Chung Young-Rae Cho 《Metals and Materials International》2006,12(4):339-343
The effect of the dielectric constant (k) of bonding materials in a screen-printed carbon nanotube (CNT) cathode on the field
enhancement factor was investigated for high-efficiency CNT cathodes using the ANSYS software. The values obtained by a simulation
study were compared to the experimental results obtained for screen-printed CNT cathodes. The field enhancement factor increased
as the dielectric constant decreased, reaching a maximum value at a dielectric constant of 1, the value for a vacuum. The
findings indicate that the larger sheet resistance of the bonding materials, after the firing process, can be attributed to
the larger emission current of the CNT cathode. From these results, it was concluded that the best bonding materials for screen-printed
CNT cathodes should have a low dielectric constant and a high sheet resistance. This finding can be used as criteria for selecting
bonding materials for use in CNT pastes for highly efficient CNT cathodes. 相似文献
978.
Lars Arnberg Ragnvald H. Mathiesen 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2007,59(8):20-26
The directional solidification of thin alloy sheets in a Bridgman furnace has been studied by x-radiography using high-brilliance
synchrotron x-radiation in combination with a low-noise, fast-readout camera. Spatial resolutions down to 1.5 μm and a temporal
resolution of about 0.15 s have permitted real-time video microscopy of microstructural evolution during columnar and equiaxed
dendrite growth and eutectic and monotectic growth. The technique has also allowed for direct observations of important solidification
phenomena such as dendrite fragmentation and porosity formation, primarily in aluminium alloys. As a result, insights have
been gained into mechanisms of dendrite fragmentation, criteria for dendrite tip kinetics and interface stability during transient
growth, and microstructure formation mechanisms during monotectic solidification. The results are expected to be important
for validation of dendrite growth models. This paper presents a review of the technique as well as examples of images obtained
during solidification of aluminum alloys. 相似文献
979.
The effects of joint design on the mechanical properties of AL7075-T6 aluminum sheet were studied on the latest automated
gas-tungsten arc-welding system. Using ER5356 filler metal, full-penetration welds were made on workpieces with various included
joint angles. Testing of the mechanical properties of the joints was done in the as-welded, naturally aged, and postweld heat-treated
conditions. The results show that by using crack-resistant filler, and by selecting the proper joint design and postweld heat
treatment, strong, dependable welds can be produced on thin AL7075 sheet material. An elasticity model of the weld joint was
established to help understand the mechanical behavior of the joints. An undermatched joint design is shown to be capable
of achieving a joint strength that matches the strength of the base alloy. 相似文献
980.
Kyung-Man Moon Hwang-Rae Cho Myung-Hoon Lee Sung-Kyu Shin Sung-Cheol Koh 《Metals and Materials International》2007,13(3):211-216
The differences between the general corrosion and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of steels were investigated
in terms of its electrochemical behavior and surface phenomena. The corrosion potential of steels in the absence of SRB (sulfate-reducing
bacteria) shifted to a negative value with the immersion time. However, the potential of the presence of SRB shifted to a
positive value after 30 days' incubation, indicating the growth of SRB biofilms on the test metal specimens and the formation
of corrosion products. In addition, the color of a medium inoculated with SRB changed from gray to black. The change in color
appeared to be caused by the formation of pyrites (FeS) as a corrosion product, while no significant change in color was observed
in a medium without SRB inoculation. Moreover, corrosion rates of various steels tested for MIC were higher compared to those
of steels in the absence of SRB. In particular, the corrosion current density of TMCP steels in the presence of SRB was larger
than that of other steels. Pitting corrosion was also observed at the surface of all steels in the SRB-inoculated medium.
The pitting corrosion likely occurred due to SRB that was associated with the increasing corrosion rates through increasing
cathodic reactions, which caused a reduction of sulfate to sulfide as well as the formation of an oxygen concentration cell. 相似文献