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131.
This work is an experimental study of mechanisms for transition to turbulence in the boundary layer on a rotating disk. In
one case, the focus was on a triad resonance between pairs of traveling cross-flow modes and a stationary cross-flow mode.
The other was on the temporal growth of traveling modes through a linear absolute instability mechanism first discovered by
Lingwood (1995, J Fluid Mech 314:373–405). Both research directions made use of methods for introducing controlled initial
disturbances. One used a distributed array of ink dots placed on the disk surface to enhance a narrow band of azimuthal and
radial wave numbers of both stationary and traveling modes. The size of the dots was small so that the disturbances they produce
were linear. Another approach introduced temporal disturbances by a short-duration air pulse from a hypodermic tube located
above the disk and outside the boundary layer. Hot-wire sensors primarily sensitive to the azimuthal velocity component, were
positioned at different spatial (r,θ) locations on the disk to document the growth of disturbances. Spatial correlation measurements were used with two simultaneous
sensors to obtain wavenumber vectors. Cross-bicoherence was used to identify three-frequency phase locking. Ensemble averages
conditioned on the air pulses revealed wave packets that evolved in time and space. The space–time evolution of the leading
and trailing edges of the wave packets were followed past the critical radius for the absolute instability, r
c
A
. With documented linear amplitudes, the spreading of the disturbance wave packets did not continue to grow in time as r
c
A
was approached. Rather, the spreading of the trailing edge of the wave packet decelerated and asymptotically approached a
constant. This result supports the linear DNS simulations of Davies and Carpenter (2003, J Fluid Mech 486:287–329) who concluded
that the absolute instability mechanism does not result in a global mode, and that linear-disturbance wave packets are dominated
by the convective instability. In contrast, wave-number matching between traveling cross-flow modes confirmed a triad resonance
that lead to the growth of a low azimuthal number (n = 4) stationary mode. At transition, this mode had the largest amplitude. Signs of this mechanism can be found in past flow
visualization of transition to turbulence in rotating disk flows. 相似文献
132.
Moselund K.E. Bouvet D. Tschuor L. Pott V. Dainesi P. Eggimann C. Le Thomas N. Houdre R. Ionescu A.M. 《Nanotechnology, IEEE Transactions on》2007,6(1):118-125
In this work we present a bulk silicon technology platform able to cointegrate gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFETs and local SOI waveguides with pentagonal cross section. Wire diagonals of 100-800 nm are obtained using a lithographic resolution of 0.8 mum. Well-functioning triangular multigate MOSFETs are reported, and tested up to 150 degC. A significant increase is observed in the low-field mobility mu0 for small devices (Weffles500 nm), which is attributed to local volume inversion in the corners. Preliminary characterization of the optical waveguides is carried out, showing optical losses of a few dB/cm. The processing is entirely CMOS compatible, does not require access to advanced lithography equipment, and is based on a silicon bulk substrate. Thus, this technology might serve as the basis for a low-cost, high-performance optical signaling platform 相似文献
133.
134.
Kreppner Jana M.; Rutter Michael; Beckett Celia; Castle Jenny; Colvert Emma; Groothues Christine; Hawkins Amanda; O'Connor Thomas G.; Stevens Suzanne; Sonuga-Barke Edmund J. S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,43(4):931
Longitudinal analyses on normal versus impaired functioning across 7 domains were conducted in children who had experienced profound institutional deprivation up to the age of 42 months and were adopted from Romania into U.K. families. Comparisons were made with noninstitutionalized children adopted from Romania and with nondeprived within-U.K. adoptees placed before the age of 6 months. Specifically, the validity of the assessment, the degree of continuity and change in levels of functioning from 6 to 11 years, and the factors in the pre- and postadoption environment accounting for heterogeneity in outcome were examined. Pervasive impairment was significantly raised in children experiencing institutional deprivation for ≥6 months of life, with a minority within this group showing no impairment. There was no additional significant effect of duration of deprivation beyond the 6-month cutoff, and few other predictors explained outcome. The pattern of normality/impairment was mainly established by 6 years of age, with considerable continuity at the individual level between 6 and 11 years. The findings are discussed in terms of the possibility of a sensitive period for development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
135.
O'Driscoll Michael P.; Poelmans Steven; Spector Paul E.; Kalliath Thomas; Allen Tammy D.; Cooper Cary L.; Sanchez Juan I. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,10(4):326
This study examined organizational family-responsive policies, perceptions of the organization as family supportive, and supervisor support as issues that may be salient to the experience of conflict between paid employment (work) and family roles. Data were collected from 355 managerial personnel in New Zealand. Although work-family conflict and psychological strain were strongly linked, the availability of organizational policies had no significant association with levels of conflict or strain, whereas policy usage was related only to work-to-family interference and not to family-to-work interference. On the other hand, perceptions of the organization as family supportive and supervisor support for work-family balance displayed significant relationships with key variables, highlighting the importance of these variables for interventions designed to ameliorate the negative impact of work-family conflict on managerial well-being. Implications for the effective implementation of family-responsive interventions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
136.
Seeing a talker's face influences auditory speech recognition, but the visible input essential for this influence has yet to be established. Using a new seamless editing technique, the authors examined effects of restricting visible movement to oral or extraoral areas of a talking face. In Experiment 1, visual speech identification and visual influences on identifying auditory speech were compared across displays in which the whole face moved, the oral area moved, or the extraoral area moved. Visual speech influences on auditory speech recognition were substantial and unchanging across whole-face and oral-movement displays. However, extraoral movement also influenced identification of visual and audiovisual speech. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that these results are dependent on intact and upright facial contexts, but only with extraoral movement displays. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
137.
Guay Stéphane; Boisvert Jean-Marie; Freeston Mark H. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,15(3):392
The goal of this study was to examine whether data from 3 different measures of communication (i.e., self-report, quasi-observational, and observational) can predict relationship adjustment and stability 1 year later when used conjointly in a sample of 62 young couples. The 3 measures of communication were the Communication Skills Test-Revised (CST-R), the Communication Box (CB), and the Demand/Withdraw Pattern Questionnaire (DWPQ). Through hierarchical multiple regression analyses, results revealed that the CST-R and the DWPQ predict both genders' relationship adjustment 1 year later when used conjointly. Logistic regression analyses revealed that none of the measures of communication significantly predicted relationship stability. In conclusion, the combination of the CST-R and the DWPQ appears to be useful for longitudinally predicting relationship adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
138.
In Part I of this paper, a theoretical basis is presented using a two-degrees-of-freedom model. In this second part of the study, the passive control and the two types of semiactive controls introduced in Part I are examined numerically for a taut cable experiencing wind-induced galloping motion. The passive and the semiactive control schemes for taut cables show a good similarity with the results obtained for the two-degrees-of-freedom model. The potential of using these control schemes in practical applications to flexible structures is demonstrated. 相似文献
139.
140.
Handley Simon J.; Evans Jonathan St. B. T.; Thompson Valerie A. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,32(3):559
Under the suppositional account of conditionals, when people think about a conditional assertion, "if p then q," they engage in a mental simulation in which they imagine p holds and evaluate the probability that q holds under this supposition. One implication of this account is that belief in a conditional equates to conditional probability [P(q/p)]. In this paper, the authors examine a further implication of this analysis with respect to the wide-scope negation of conditional assertions, "it is not the case that if p then q." Under the suppositional account, nothing categorically follows from the negation of a conditional, other than a second conditional, "if p then not-q." In contrast, according to the mental model theory, a negated conditional is consistent only with the determinate state of affairs, p and not-q. In 4 experiments, the authors compare the contrasting predictions that arise from each of these accounts. The findings are consistent with the suppositional theory but are incongruent with the mental model theory of conditionals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献