Thin SiO2 and SiOxNy layers were grown on silicon using Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) in either O2 or N2O ambient. Subsequent annealing or nitridation was performed in order to improve the electrical stability. The composition of the films, in particular the incorporation of nitrogen and hydrogen, has been studied. We obtained the distribution of states at the Si/insulator interface through the evaluation of CV measurements and investigated the charge trapping in the layers analysing the voltage–time behaviour during Fowler–Nordheim constant current injection. Furthermore, assuming a trap assisted tunneling mechanism, the influence of near interface trap states on the current voltage characteristic was used to derive an effective insulator state distribution. 相似文献
In map generalization various operators are applied to the features of a map in order to maintain and improve the legibility
of the map after the scale has been changed. These operators must be applied in the proper sequence and the quality of the
results must be continuously evaluated. Cartographic constraints can be used to define the conditions that have to be met
in order to make a map legible and compliant to the user needs. The combinatorial optimization approaches shown in this paper
use cartographic constraints to control and restrict the selection and application of a variety of different independent generalization
operators into an optimal sequence. Different optimization techniques including hill climbing, simulated annealing and genetic
deep search are presented and evaluated experimentally by the example of the generalization of buildings in blocks. All algorithms
used in this paper have been implemented in a web services framework. This allows the use of distributed and parallel processing
in order to speed up the search for optimized generalization operator sequences.
Zusammenfassung Die Autoren untersuchen das datenschutzrechtliche Vollzugsdefizit im Anwendungsbereich des Telemediengesetzes. Ihr Ergebnis
ist, dass das Ausma? des datenschutzrechtlichen Vollzugsdefizits der von au?en zu überprüfenden datenschutzrechtlichen Pflichten
der Anbieter „erschreckend“ ist. Nur einem ganz geringen Teil der Anbieter gelingt es, sich rechtskonform zu verhalten.
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Kühling Inhaber eines Lehrstuhls für ?ffentliches Recht an der Universit?t Regensburg.
Anastasios Sivridis wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter und Doktorand am Lehrstuhl Prof. Kühling.
Mathis Schwuchow studentische Hilfskraft am Lehrstuhl Prof. Kühling.
Thorben Burghardt wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter und Doktorand am Lehrstuhl für Systeme der Informationsverwaltung (TH Karlsruhe). 相似文献
Sexual selection and mating systems profoundly influence the behavior and psychology of animals. Using their own studies of green anacondas (Eunectes murinus) and reviewing other recent studies, the authors conclude that incomplete data derived from a few well-studied snake species have led to general acceptance of polygyny as the dominant mating system in snakes. New data on behavior, paternity, and life history in a diverse taxonomic array of snakes support the view that polyandry is not only common in snakes but may have been the ancestral mating system. This interpretation helps to explain many seemingly paradoxical behavioral differences between lizards and snakes, such as the lack of territorial systems in most snakes and their frequent female-biased sexual size dimorphism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
Humans sometimes struggle when making decisions, because what they want to do in a specific moment can differ from what they feel they should do in general. This phenomenon can also be found in situations of human–machine interaction. In order to support humans in making decisions about their behavior, a new form of support is proposed, which is especially suitable for human–machine interaction: self-determined decision-making with nudging methods (or shortly: self-determined nudging). In this concept, firstly the aspirations of the human are assessed and then supporting mechanisms are offered to guide humans towards their self-set goals. With this procedure, machines can for example support humans in driving safely or economically, help them refraining from scheduling other appointments in their gym-timeslots or push them towards going to bed on time. While originally nudging is based on libertarian paternalism, the concept of self-determined nudging enables the person to decide which goals to get nudged towards. By different examples, it is shown that nudging ideas are already present in numerous technical applications. Then, it is demonstrated how the aspect of self-determination can enrich these approaches. Moreover, already existing as well as potential new implementations of self-determined nudging in the automotive domain are described. As an outlook, the set-up of a study on automated driving is presented.
Seven novel high refractive index (HRI) acrylic monomers, comprising the quinolinone structural motive, have been synthesized and characterized. Cross-linked homo- as well as copolymers were prepared by photochemical bulk polymerization. The homopolymers show refractive indices at 589 nm (n589) ranging from 1.60 up to 1.68, glass transition temperatures (Tg) from 52 to 76 °C, and Abbe numbers (νAbbe) of 19 to 25. Due to these parameters, the homopolymers are not suitable to be used directly for intraocular lens (IOL) manufacture, but the quinolinone monomers may be used as high refractive index components in copolymers. Potential mixtures were calculated theoretically and one example, a copolymer with PEA and PEGPEA, was prepared and characterized. The experimentally found values were Tg?=?24 °C, n589?=?1.593, and νAbbe?=?28.3. Interestingly, the quinolinone compound which does not have any spacer between the polymerizable group and the high refractive index group appears to be the most useful one. The lightfastness of the new material fulfills the demands for IOLs. Quinolinone derivatives are promising new comonomers for high refractive index copolymers. 相似文献
The three GxxxG repeating motifs from the C-terminal region of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide play a significant role in regulating the aggregation kinetics of the peptide. Mutation of these glycine residues to leucine greatly accelerates the fibrillation process but generates a varied toxicity profile. Using an array of biophysical techniques, we demonstrated the uniqueness of the composite glycine residues in these structural repeats. We used solvent relaxation NMR spectroscopy to investigate the role played by the surrounding water molecules in determining the corresponding aggregation pathway. Notably, the conformational changes induced by Gly33 and Gly37 mutations result in significantly decreased toxicity in a neuronal cell line. Our results indicate that G33xxxG37 is the primary motif responsible for Aβ neurotoxicity, hence providing a direct structure–function correlation. Targeting this motif, therefore, can be a promising strategy to prevent neuronal cell death associated with Alzheimer's and other related diseases, such as type II diabetes and Parkinson's. 相似文献