Electrical properties of individual CoPt/Pt multilayer nanowires characterized by in situ SEM nanomanipulators

Here we report for the first time accurate and comprehensive measurements of electrical properties of individual CoPt/Pt multilayer nanowires both with periodic and non-periodic layer structures. A remarkably high failure current density of 1.69 × 10(12) A m(-2) for the periodic MNW and a similar 1.76 × 10(12) A m(-2) for the non-homogeneous MNW has been measured. The resistance of both types of multilayer nanowire structures are well fitted by a series resistance model, determining the separate resistance contribution of the component layers and magnetic/nonmagnetic interfaces for a single multilayer nanowire. The field-dependent interface resistance of both samples is calculated, 13.2 Ω for periodic layer structures and 4.84 Ω for non-periodic layer structures. The clear physical picture of the resistance distribution within individual multilayer nanowires is then determined. The accurate electrical testing of magnetic multilayer nanowires provides basic and necessary electrical parameters for their usage as building blocks or interconnects in nanoelectronics and nanosensors.     

Creative discovery in the lexical “validation gap”

Compound terms play a surprisingly key role in the organization of lexical ontologies. However, their inclusion forces one to address the issues of completeness and consistency that naturally arise from this organizational role. In this paper, we show how creative exploration in the space of literal compounds can reveal not only additional compound terms to systematically balance an ontology, but can also discover new and potentially innovative concepts in their own right.     

The visual detectability analysis associate

The outcome of this work is a knowledge-based associate ergonomic tool that assists in determining visibility of stationary small objects critical to the work environment. The Luchlesh and Moss detection solid, a design handbook guideline, accounts for non-search visibility in terms of three fundamental variables — visual angle, brightness and contrast. To reduce the difficulty of using the solid in its current form, this effort first quantified the empirical relationships of the solid. The intelligent system building tool, Exsys, was then employed: (1) to convert the results into rules for a knowledge base, and (2) to generate a tool called the Visual Detectability Analysis Associate. An efficient, convenient and easy to use ergonomic design tool is now available that determines visibility of small stationary objects in work environments where viewing time may be limited, but visual search is not required. In current use by a company to solve visibility problems encountered in system design, the VDAA tool has demonstrated beneficial savings in both time and effort.     

An adaptive power system stabilizer based on the self-optimizingpole shifting control strategy

An adaptive power system stabilizer (APSS) employing a new self-optimizing pole shifting control strategy and its application to a power system are described in this paper. Based on an identified model of the system, the control is computed by an algorithm which shifts the closed-loop poles of the system to some optimal locations inside the unit circle in the z-domain to minimize a given performance criterion. With the self-optimization property, outside intervention in the controller design procedure is minimized, thus simplifying the tuning procedure during commissioning. Also, a new method of calculating the variable forgetting factor in real-time parameter identification is discussed. Studies show that the proposed APSS can provide good damping of the power system over a wide operating range and significantly improve the dynamic performance of the system     

Subspace-based system identification: weighting and pre-filtering of instruments

Subspace-based system identification is typically based on an estimate of the extended observability matrix. It is thus of great interest to investigate, and also optimize, the estimate of the observability matrix. Of special interest in this paper is the fact that the influence of certain weighting matrices is an unresolved issue in the literature on subspace identification. Here, an asymptotic analysis of the estimated observability matrix is presented. The main result of the analysis is that novel weighting matrices and pre-filters of instrumental variables are derived.     

Guided Jury Discretion in Capital Murder Cases: The Role of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge.

This article analyzes whether state-approved jury instructions adequately guide jury discretion in the penalty phase of first-degree murder trials. It examines Eighth Amendment jurisprudence regarding guided jury discretion, emphasizing the use of "empirical factors" to examine the quality of state-approved instructions. Psychological research and testimony on the topic of the comprehensibility of jury logical instructions are reviewed. Data from a recently completed simulation with 80 deliberating juries showed that current instructions do not adequately convey the concepts and processes essential to guiding penalty phase judgments. An additional simulation with 20 deliberating juries demonstrated that deliberation alone does not correct for jurors' errors in comprehension. The article concludes with recommendations for policy and future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Image decomposition combining staircase reduction and texture extraction

This paper proposes a natural and efficient way to achieve staircase reduction in texture extraction models of image processing. Moreover, we propose a precise framework for this amalgamation. In a sense, we utilize the best of both worlds: (I) the use of higher order derivatives through a variant of the Chambolle–Lions inf convolution energy (an image decomposition model in itself) along with (II) approximations to Meyer’s G and E norms including the H⁻¹ negative norm for ameliorating staircasing in image decomposition and restoration problems.     

便携设备的电源管理技术展望

2005年对以电池驱动的便携设备的电源管理解决方案来说，将是充满机遇的一年。这些设备的制造商不断在寻求各种可能的方式，以把更多的功能合并到一个已经很紧凑的外壳中，这说明他们将不断需要具有高度集成、最小占位面积、最高运行效率的集成电路解决方案，以延长电池的使用时间。