Characteristics of two cancer cell lines derived from metastatic foci in liver and peritoneum of a patient with colon cancer

Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that a vitamin D deficiency alters the immune responses of female broiler chicks. The control diet contained 800 IU of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)/kg and the deficient diet was the same except without supplemental vitamin D3. The vitamin D deficiency status was established on the basis of a significantly lower blood ionized calcium or total serum calcium (75 to 85% of the control). Vitamin D-deficient chicks also had lower growth rate and bone ash. In Experiment 1 at 8 d of age, and Experiment 2 at 23 d of age, the cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response as determined by the increase in interdigital skin thickness 20 h after a single injection of 100 microg phytohemagglutinin-P was significantly depressed in vitamin D-deficient chicks (62 to 64% of the control). Thymus weight, adjusted for body weight, was significantly lower in the vitamin D-deficient chicks at 24 d of age (61% of the control). Primary and secondary antibody responses against SRBC in vitamin D-deficient chicks were not different from the control. In Experiment 3, in 17-d-old chicks, vitamin D deficiency decreased the number of abdominal macrophages phagocytizing SRBC in vitro within 45 min from 14.7 to 10.1%. These results indicate that vitamin D deficiency depresses the cellular immune responses in young broiler chicks.     

Effect of creep deformation on oxidation behavior of nickel‐based alloy with Re‐based diffusion barrier coating

Oxidation and creep behaviors of a Ni‐Mo‐based alloy (Hastelloy‐X) with a diffusion barrier coating consisting of duplex, inner Re‐based alloy, and outer β‐NiAl layers were investigated at 1243 K in air with an external tensile stress of 22.5 MPa. For comparison the alloys, as‐received, heat treated, and with the Ni‐aluminide coating, were oxidized under creep deformation. Creep rapture time for the diffusion barrier‐coated alloy was longer than those for the bare alloy and with the β‐NiAl‐coated alloy. After creep deformation to a strain of 3.5% for 190 h, it was found that the Re‐based alloy layer has few cracks and flaws and the β‐NiAl layer has the similar structure and composition before and after the creep test. The external scale mainly consisted of θ‐Al₂O₃ at the early stage of creep, and with further oxidation the external scale became a duplex layer, inner, equi‐axed α‐Al₂O₃, and outer, plate‐like θ‐Al₂O₃, which exfoliated significantly. It was concluded that the Re‐based alloy layer acts effectively as a barrier against inward Al diffusion and outward diffusion of alloy elements under creep deformation.     

Cerebral revascularization using muscle free flap for ischemic cerebrovascular disease in adult patients

The efficacy of encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) using muscle free flap was evaluated for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease in adult patients. Three patients with adult moyamoya disease and three patients with atherosclerotic ischemic cerebrovascular disease were treated. EMS used four latissimus dorsi muscles and two serratus anterior muscles. Postoperative selective angiography showed collateral circulation from the transferred muscle to the brain in four of the six patients. The other two patients showed patent nutrient artery of the transferred muscle flap. Cerebral blood flow study disclosed postoperative improvement of perfusion reserve capacity in all sides. One patient suffered a perioperative stroke by hemoconcentration due to poor control of diabetes mellitus. The mean follow-up period was 23 months. EMS using muscle free flap is a possible procedure in selected patients with impaired cerebral perfusion reserve capacity due to multiple stenosis or occlusion of cerebral arteries including moyamoya disease or who required cerebral blood flow augmentation in the anterior and/or posterior cerebral artery territories due to internal carotid artery occlusion.     

Vortex Lattice Structures of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Rotating Lattice Potential

We study vortex lattice structures of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate in a rotating lattice potential by numerically solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. By rotating the lattice potential, we observe the transition from the Abrikosov vortex lattice to the pinned vortex lattice. We investigate the transition of the vortex lattice structure by changing conditions such as angular velocity, strength, and lattice constant of the rotating lattice potential.     

Perioperative management for partial resection of a lymphangioma of the tongue

Twelve month old boy had been suffering from a neck lymphangioma. Partial resection was carried out in his newborn period at another hospital, and he was obliged to be tracheostomied because of severe airway obstruction due to postoperative edema. He was scheduled for partial glossectomy since his tongue had increased in mass, which could easily be injured by teeth, and he had difficulties in swallowing recently. His airway was not obstructive even during sleep and preoperative MRI showed adequate space around the larynx. We induced anesthesia by a mask and he was subseqently intubated with a fiberscope via his nose because his huge and less mobile tongue could not allow the insertion of a laryngoscope and this might cause bleeding. We did not extubate the endotracheal tube for fear of airway obstruction attributable to postoperative edema. Marked edema around the neck persisted longer than we expected. We tried to evaluate the degree of diminution of edema with MRI twice to decide when extubation could be attempted. However, examination with MRI could not give us useful informations. Consequently we evaluated the timing of extubation by examining whether he could close his mouth or not, whether his tongue could move freely and the degree of edema. We realized lymphangioma caused marked and extensive edema after the operation and we should keep in mind that lymphangioma of the tongue might cause various anesthetic problems especially on airways.     

Dislocation damping and microstructural evolutions during creep of 2.25Cr-1Mo steels

We studied the microstructural evolution of 2.25Cr-1Mo steels subjected to tensile creep at 923 K through monitoring of shear-wave attenuation and velocity, using electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR). Contactless transduction based on the magnetostrictive mechanism is the key to establishing a monitor for microstructural change in the bulk of the metals with a high sensitivity. In the short interval, 50 to 60 pct of the creep life, attenuation experiences a peak, being independent of the applied stress. This novel phenomenon is interpreted in terms of the drastic change in dislocation mobility and rearrangement, which is supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations for dislocation structure. At this particular period, the dense dislocation structure starts to transform to subgrain boundaries, which temporally accompanies long, free dislocation, absorbing much ultrasonic energy to produce the attenuation peak. The EMAR has the potential to assess the damage advance and to predict the remaining creep life of metals.     

Molecular beam epitaxial growth of MgZnCdSe on (100) InP substrates

Wide-gap II-VI MgZnCdSe quaternary compounds were grown on InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy, for the first time. Changing the Mg composition (x = 0 to 0.63), various Mg_x(Zn_yCd_{1_y})_{1_x}Se lattice-matched to InP were grown. Mirror-like surface morphologies and streaky reflection high energy electron diffraction patterns of MgZnCdSe were obtained. With increased Mg compositions, the band-edge emissions wavelength in photoluminescence spectra was shifted from 572 nm (2.17 eV) to 398 nm (3.12 eV) at 15K. Furthermore, the absolute PL peak intensity increased drastically with increased band-edge emission, being accompanied by a relative decrement in the deep level emission intensities were also observed.     

Interregional labour migration and real wage disparities: Evidence from Japan

This paper empirically tests the relationships between interregional labour migration and regional real wages based on a multi-region economic geography model, which describes bilateral migration flows. In particular, this paper highlights real wage disparities in the migration analysis. Our empirical methodology contains two steps. First, we structurally estimate a gravity model using manufacturing workers’ migration flows across the 47 Japanese prefectures. Second, using the estimates of the structural parameters, we examine the impact of the real wage on the net migration rate. We find that migrants respond to real wage disparities, rather than to nominal wage disparities.