Effects of different storage techniques on rupture properties of kiwifruits

Storage of harvested agricultural products under optimum storage conditions is very important for selling them as an intended price in the market and for the maintenance of their quality longer. On the other hand, different storage techniques effects the resistance properties of products. In this research, some rupture properties like, maximum force and bioyield force, stress, maximum energy in maximum force, maximum energy in bioyield point, modulus of elasticity, bioyield deformation, maximum breaking dilatation and minimum damage height, of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits stored under four different storage conditions (Normal Atmosphere; 21 % O₂ + 0 % CO₂ (NA as Control), NA storage after 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment (1-MCP + NA), NA storage with ethylene control (NA + EC), Controlled Atmosphere storage (2 % O₂ + 5 % CO₂) with ethylene control (CA + EC) and under two different load conditions were evaluated. Both under two load conditions rupture properties of kiwifruits stored under CA + EC conditions were measured higher than other storage conditions. In particular, maximum force and modulus of elasticity values of CA-stored kiwis were found to be statistically important.     

Role of diffusion-annealing temperature on the microstructural and superconducting properties of Cu-doped MgB2 superconductors

This study deals with not only investigate the effect of the copper diffusion on the microstructural and superconducting properties of MgB₂ superconducting samples employing dc resistivity as a function of temperature, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements but also calculate the diffusion coefficient and the activation energy of copper for the first time. Electrical-resistivity measurements indicate that both the room-temperature resistivity value and zero resistivity transition temperatures (T _c ) increase with increasing the diffusion-annealing temperature from 650 to 850?°C. SEM measurements show that not only the surface morphology and grain connectivity improve but also the grain size of the samples increases with the increase in the diffusion-annealing temperature up to 850?°C. As for the XRD results, all the samples contain the MgB₂ phase only and exhibit the polycrystalline superconducting phase with more intensity of diffraction lines, leading to the increasement in the lattice parameter a and c. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient is observed to increase from 6.81?×?10^?8 to 4.69?×?10^?7?cm²?s^?1 as the diffusion-annealing temperature increases, confirming that the Cu diffusion at lower temperatures is much less significant. Temperature dependence of the Cu diffusion coefficient is described with the aid of the Arrhenius relation D?=?3.75?×?10^?3 exp (?1.15?±?0.10?eV/k _B T) and the corresponding activation energy of copper in MgB₂ system is found to be about 1.15?eV. The possible reasons for the observed improvement in microstructural and superconducting properties of the samples due to Cu diffusion are also discussed.     

Electrical Properties of Organic–Inorganic Semiconductor Device Based on Rhodamine-101

Rhodamine-101 (Rh101) thin films on n-type Si substrates have been formed by means of evaporation, thus Sn/Rh101/n-Si heterojunctions have been fabricated. The Sn/Rh101/n-Si devices are rectifying. The optical energy gaps have been determined from the absorption spectra in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm. Rh101 has been characterized by direct optical absorption with an optical edge at 2.05 ± 0.05 eV and by indirect optical absorption with␣an optical edge at 1.80 ± 0.05 eV. It was demonstrated that trap-charge-limited current is the dominant transport mechanism at large forward bias. A␣mobility value of μ = 7.31 × 10⁻⁶ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ for Rh101 has been obtained from the forward-bias current–voltage characteristics.     

Properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete under repeated impact loads

Steel, glass and polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete structures were investigated under repeated impact loads in this study. Twelve different concrete series prepared fiberless the one of all and the others reinforced polypropylene, glass, steel and hybrid fiber were produced. The polypropylene fibers in diameter of 50 mm, l/d (length/diameter) ratio of 400, glass fibers in diameter of 14 mm, l/d ratio of 857 and steel fibers in diameter of 0.75 mm, l/d ratio of 80 were used in concrete mixtures. The volumetric contents were 0.5, 0.75 and 1% in fiber reinforced concrete. The volumetric content was 0.1% in polypropylene and glass fiber reinforced concrete. Drop-weight test similar the method presented ACI 544.2R-89 was conducted using 28 days cured samples having dimensions of 100 × 100 × 100 mm and reduction of strength were determined by ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test. Furthermore, initial crack formation and fracture numbers variation in samples were detected. In the present study, it was aimed to develop performance under repeated impact loads using fibers in concrete. As a result, especially impact performance was rather increased in steel fiber reinforced concrete, and hybrid fibers had also positive effect on the performance of concrete.     

Investigation of Structural and Superconducting Properties of Cr Added Bi-2212 Superconducting Ceramics

This study reports the effect of Cr addition on the structural and superconducting properties of Bi_1.8Sr_2.0CrxCa_1.1Cu_2.1O _y superconductor with x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 0.7, and 1 by means of X-ray analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and resistivity measurements. The samples studied in this work were prepared using the standard solid-state reaction method. Zero resistivity transition temperatures (T _c ) are qualitatively estimated from the dc resistivity measurements. The zero resistivity transition temperatures are obtained to decrease from 81 K to 53 K with the increase in Cr addition. Moreover, the phase and lattice parameters were determined from XRD measurements. Based on the refinement of cell parameters done by considering the structural modulation, the Cr addition was confirmed by an increase of the lattice parameter a and decrease of the cell parameter a of the samples in comparison with that of the undoped sample (Cr0). As for the microstructure and element composition analyses on the surface of the samples produced, SEM and EDS measurements were investigated. According to the measurements, not only were the grain sizes of the samples noted to decrease, but also the surface morphology and grain connectivity were obtained to degrade with increase in the Cr addition. The possible reasons for the observed degradation in microstructural and superconducting properties due to Cr addition were also discussed.     

A Review of the Authentication of Wine Origin by Molecular Markers

Viniculture is one of the oldest agricultural activities of humans. The selection of grape varieties is of primary concern for factors such as wine quality and is dependent on the grapevine variety employed. Under today's conditions, and the sanctions imposed by world markets in the competitive wine sector, wine producers have been compelled to use different analysis methods in order to prove quality. However, some of these methodologies can be very time‐consuming. Recently, highly polymorphic molecular markers have been applied to the characterisation and differentiation of grapes in must and wine. With DNA profiles, the determination of origin and the use of this information on the label can act as a powerful quality control tool in the wine sector. In this review, the advantages of molecular markers and the applications of the markers in determining the origin in must and wine, are discussed with the aim of bringing together the limited number of studies (studies conducted with DNA markers) related to the determination of the grape variety in must and wine.     

Improvement of the Nature of Indentation Size Effect of Bi-2212 Superconducting Matrix by Doped Nd Inclusion and Theoretical Modeling of New Matrix

Neodmium (Nd) inclusions at different stoichiometric ratios (x=0.0, 0.001 %, 0.005 %, 0.01 %, 0.05 %, 0.1 %) are doped in the Bi-2212 superconducting samples and the samples obtained are subjected to the sintering process at 840 ^°C constant temperature for 72 hours. The effect of Nd doping on the structural and mechanical properties of prepared samples is investigated by the standard characterization measurements. XRD and SEM measurements are performed to obtain information about surface morphology, phase ratios, lattice parameters and particle size. Moreover, Vickers microhardness (H _V ) measurements are exerted to investigate the mechanical properties of the all samples in detail. It is found that all the properties given above retrogress with the increase of the Nd concentration in the Bi-2212 superconducting core. However, the ISE nature of the materials improves systematically. Additionally, the experimental results of microhardness measurements are analyzed using Meyer’s law, PSR, MPSR, EPD models and HK approach. The results show that Hays–Kendall approach is determined as the most successful model.     

Microstructural Investigation and Phase Relationships of Fe-Al-Hf Alloys

The effect of Hf addition on microstructures, phase relationships, microhardness, and magnetic properties of Fe₅₀Al_50?n Hf _n alloys for n = 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 at. pct has been investigated. At all investigated compositions, the ternary intermetallic HfFe₆Al₆ τ ₁ phase forms due to the limited solid solubility of Hf in FeAl phase and tends to develop a eutectic phase mixture with the Fe-Al-based phase. The Hf concentration of the eutectic composition is found to be 7 at. pct from the microstructural examinations and the eutectic phase transition temperature is determined as 1521 K (1248 °C) independent of Hf amount by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Furthermore, the enthalpies and activation energies (based on Kissinger and Ozawa methods) of eutectic phase transitions are reported. The minimum activation energy is calculated for the fully eutectic composition. Moreover, variation of the microhardness of Fe-Al-based alloys as a function of the Hf content is investigated, and its dependence on the thermal history of the alloys is explained.     

Characterization of Microstructural and Morphological Properties in As-deposited Ta/NiFe/IrMn/CoFe/Ta Multilayer System

Surface morphology and its relationship with microstructure in Ta/NiFe/IrMn/CoFe/Ta multilayer system deposited by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering have been investigated in dependence of Ta buffer and NiFe seed layer thicknesses using atomic force microscopy.The structural parameters such as grain size,dislocation density,texture and strain were calculated.For each surface,a self-affinity behavior with mean fractal dimensions in the range of 2.03-2.18 was found.Additionally,it was also observed that the surface of all samples has locally smooth textured surface structure in the short range.The texture aspect parameter and texture direction index have been obtained for isotropy/anisotropy surface texture.A significant relationship between the surface texture and the strength of the〈111〉texture in IrMn layer has been found.The analysis indicated that the surface roughness is strongly affected by the thicknesses of the NiFe seed and Ta buffer layers.