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101.
The interaction of different metal oxides such as Co3O4, NiO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, Fe2O3 and SiO2 with Na2SO4 at a temperature of 1100 and 1200 K in flowing oxygen has been studied. The thermogravimetric studies for each system were
carried out as a function of Na2SO4 in the mixture. The presence of different constituents in the reaction products were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis
and the morphologies of the reaction products were characterized using metallography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The formation of products was also investigated by thermodynamic computation of free energies of the reactions and the study
of relevant equilibrium phase diagrams. The soluble species in the aqueous solutions of the reaction products were determined
quantitatively using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
The high temperature interaction products usually contain a 3-phase structure namely, Na2O·M2O
x
, M2O
x
and metal sulphide and/or metal sulphate. The formation of Na2O·M2O
x
depends upon the solid state solubility of metal oxide in the molten salt at high temperatures. Under limited solubility
conditions Na2O·M2O
x
is invariably formed, but as soon as this condition is relaxed the oxide. M2O
x
, precipitates and forms a separate phase. 相似文献
102.
Serotonergic and histaminergic neuronal systems are both involved in mediation of the stress-induced release of the pituitary hormones prolactin (PRL) and ACTH. We investigated the possibility of an interaction between serotonin (5-HT) and histamine (HA) in regulation of PRL and ACTH secretion in conscious male rats. Animals were pretreated systemically with antagonists to 5-HT1, 5-HT2 or 5-HT3 receptors prior to intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of HA. The 5-HT1 + 2 receptor antagonist methysergide prevented and the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist LY 53857 attenuated the HA-induced PRL release while the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron had no effect on this response. None of the three 5-HT receptor antagonists affected the ACTH response to HA. Specific blockade of HA synthesis by alpha-fluoromethylhistidine or blockade of postsynaptic HA receptors by icv infusion of the H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine or the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine inhibited the PRL response to 5-HT or to the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5- HTP) given in combination with the 5-HT reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (Flx). Blockade of the histaminergic system had no effect on the ACTH response to serotonergic stimulation. The H3 receptors are inhibitory HA receptors. Systemic pretreatment with the H3 receptor agonist R(alpha)methylhistamine, or the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide had no effect on the hormone response to activation of the serotonergic system by 5-HTP plus Flx. We conclude that the serotonergic and histaminergic neuronal systems interact in their stimulation of PRL secretion, but not in their stimulation of ACTH secretion. This interaction involves serotonergic 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors and histaminergic H1 and H2 receptors. Furthermore, the previously observed inhibitory effect of the H3 receptor agonist R(alpha)methylhistamine on stress-induced PRL and ACTH release seems not to be exerted by activation of presynaptic H3 receptors located on serotonergic neurons but rather on histaminergic neurons. 相似文献
103.
This is the first report on the chemical synthesis of enantiomerically pure R- or S-1-O-phosphocholine-2-O-acyl-octadecanes and R- or S-1-O-phosphocholine-2-N-acyl-octadecanes. From a structural point of view these phospholipids are intermediates between phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. The synthesis of these model compounds is based on R- or S-1.2-O-isopropylidene-glyceraldeyde for chain elongation in a Wittig reaction with pentadecane-triphenylphosphine bromide. The resulting 1.2-O-isopropylidene-octadec-3-en is converted to R- or S-1.2-octadecanediol by catalytic hydrogenation of the double bond and by acidic removal of the isopropylidene protecting group. Tritylation of R- or S-1.2-octadecanediol results in the general intermediates R- or S-1-O-trityl-2-hydroxy-octadecane. These are the key intermediates for the synthesis of the phosphatidylcholine- or sphingomyelin-like end products. R- or S-1-O-phosphocholine-2-O-acyl-octadecane is obtained from the tritylated intermediates via benzylation in position 2, acidic detritylation and conversion of the R- or S-1-hydroxy-2-benzyl-octadecanes to the respective phosphocholines via the phosphoethanolamines. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of the benzyl group results in R- or S-1-O-phosphocholine-2-hydroxy-octadecane, which is converted to the phosphatidylcholine-like end products by acylation. R- or S-1-O-phosphocholine-2-N-acyl-octadecane is obtained from the tritylated intermediate by conversion of the R- or S-2-hydroxy group into the N-phthalimido group, which is achieved by inversion of the configuration using the Mitsunobu reaction with phthalimid. After acidic detritylation, the product is converted to the respective S- or R-1-O-phosphocholine derivative in a similar sequence of reactions. The phthalimido group is converted to the 2-amino group, and acylation results in the sphingomyelin-like end products. 相似文献
104.
Measurements in the CROCUS reactor at EPFL, Lausanne, are reported for the critical water level and the inverse reactor period for several different sets of delayed supercritical conditions. The experimental configurations were also calculated by four different calculation methods. For each of the supercritical configurations, the absolute reactivity value has been determined in two different ways, viz.: (i) through direct comparison of the multiplication factor obtained employing a given calculation method with the corresponding value for the critical case (calculated reactivity: ρcalc); (ii) by application of the inhour equation using the kinetic parameters obtained for the critical configuration and the measured inverse reactor period (measured reactivity: ρmeas). The calculated multiplication factors for the reference critical configuration, as well as ρcalc for the supercritical cases, are found to be in good agreement. However, the values of ρmeas produced by two of the applied calculation methods differ appreciably from the corresponding ρcalc values, clearly indicating deficiencies in the kinetic parameters obtained from these methods. 相似文献
105.
Automated estimation of rock fragment distributions using computer vision and its application in mining 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Salinas R.A. Raff U. Farfan C. 《Vision, Image and Signal Processing, IEE Proceedings -》2005,152(1):1-8
Size distribution of rock fragments obtained from blasting and crushing in the mining industry has to be monitored for optimal control of a variety of processes before reaching the final grinding, milling and the froth flotation processes. Whenever feasible, mechanical sieving is the routine procedure to determine the cumulative rock weight distribution on conveyor belts or free falling off the end of transfer chutes. This process is tedious and very time consuming, even more so if a complete set of sieving meshes is used. A computer vision technique is proposed based on a series of segmentation, filtering and morphological operations specially designed to determine rock fragment sizes from digital images. The final step uses an area-based approach to estimate rock volumes. This segmentation technique was implemented and results of cumulative rock volume distributions obtained from this approach were compared to the mechanical fragment distributions. The technique yielded rock distribution curves which represents an alternative to the mechanical sieving distributions. 相似文献
106.
Goni O. Hossain F. Yusuf S.U. Rahman M. Kaneko E. Takahashi H. 《Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on》2006,21(4):1778-1786
Simulation of very fast surge phenomena in a three-dimensional (3-D) structure requires a method based on Maxwell's equations, such as the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method or the method of moments, because circuit-equation-based methods cannot handle the phenomena. This paper uses a method of thin-wire representation of the vertical conductor system for the FDTD method which is suitable for the 3-D surge simulation. The thin-wire representation is indispensable to simulate electromagnetic surges on wires or steel frames in which the radius is smaller than a discretized space step used in the FDTD simulation. In this paper, a general surge analysis program named the virtual surge test lab based on the Maxwell's equations formulated by the FDTD method, is used to simulate the surge phenomena of a vertical conductor, including the effects of horizontal wave incidence and vertical wave incidence. Experimental results on the reduced scale model have been presented in order to compare among the simulation results by the FDTD method and the results using numerical electromagnetic code based on the MoM. 相似文献
107.
P. Meenakshi S. E. Noorjahan R. Rajini U. Venkateswarlu C. Rose T. P. Sastry 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2002,25(1):25-29
DriedMusa paradiciaca (banana) stem and veins of the leaves, which were hitherto discarded as a waste, were collected and used as starting material
for the preparation of cellulose and cellulose acetate. This cellulose acetate was mixed with polystyrene to form blend of
cellulose acetate-polystyrene in order to provide enhanced stability and extended utility to the end products. The films of
these composites or their individual partners were made separately and studied for their mechanical properties, chemical modification
and morphological changes. We report here that banana stem is good source of cellulose and that cellulose completely undergoes
modification upon esterification. 相似文献
108.
P.U. Sharma K.B. Modi V.K. Lakhani K.B. Zankat H.H. Joshi 《Ceramics International》2007,33(8):1543-1546
Compositional dependence of hyperfine parameters, determined through Mössbauer spectral analysis has been studied for Y3−xFe5+xO12 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) garnet system at 300 K. The Mössbauer spectra have been fitted with three sextets in the ferrimagnetic state corresponding to Fe3+ ions at tetrahedral (d), octahedral (a) and dodecahedral (c) sites of the crystal structure. It is observed that isormershift, quadrupole shift and hyperfine field of d-site show no significant variation with Fe3+ concentration. The change in hyperfine fields of a- and c-sites with composition (x) has been explained on the basis of strength of exchange integrals, change in isomershift can be understood due to s-electron charge distribution and asymmetric displacement of oxygen ions surrounding the a- and c-sites seems to be responsible for observable quadrupole shift. The magneton number values obtained from magnetization and Mossbauer data are in agreement to those calculated using Neel's three sublattice model of ferrimagnetism. 相似文献
109.
As part of the European Community research programme telluric, magnetotelluric and geomagnetic deep sounding measurements were undertaken at 40 sites within the geothermal area of Travale. In the period range of 6–10,000 s the telluric field inside the Travale graben is strongly polarized and directed, independent of the period, about parallel to the graben strike. The lateral variation of the telluric field amplitude is determined mainly by the distribution of the rocks (e.g. the central part of the geothermal anomaly inside the graben is correlated with a horst structure of resistive rocks) and an influence of the geothermal anomaly on the telluric field distribution cannot be observed. The apparent resistivity, as well as the phase curves, are rather similar at all sites within the graben, exhibiting 4–40 ohm · m for periods of 10 s and 50–500 ohm · m for periods of 10,000 s in E-polarization. In the period range of 10–100 s the E- and B-polarization of magnetotelluric measurements can be interpreted by the 2-D effect of the Travale graben, while with increasing period the induced current system becomes more and more 3-D below all sites. This limits the determination of the sedimentary cover thickness (max. 2500 m) by 1-D and 2-D model calculations to periods of less than 100 s. 相似文献
110.
F. -U. Gast P. S. Dittrich P. Schwille M. Weigel M. Mertig J. Opitz U. Queitsch S. Diez B. Lincoln F. Wottawah S. Schinkinger J. Guck J. Käs J. Smolinski K. Salchert C. Werner C. Duschl M. S. Jäger K. Uhlig P. Geggier S. Howitz 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2006,2(1):21-36
We describe a novel microfluidic perfusion system for high-resolution microscopes. Its modular design allows pre-coating of
the coverslip surface with reagents, biomolecules, or cells. A poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layer is cast in a special molding
station, using masters made by photolithography and dry etching of silicon or by photoresist patterning on glass or silicon.
This channel system can be reused while the coverslip is exchanged between experiments. As normal fluidic connectors are used,
the link to external, computer-programmable syringe pumps is standardized and various fluidic channel networks can be used
in the same setup. The system can house hydrogel microvalves and microelectrodes close to the imaging area to control the
influx of reaction partners. We present a range of applications, including single-molecule analysis by fluorescence correlation
spectroscopy (FCS), manipulation of single molecules for nanostructuring by hydrodynamic flow fields or the action of motor
proteins, generation of concentration gradients, trapping and stretching of live cells using optical fibers precisely mounted
in the PDMS layer, and the integration of microelectrodes for actuation and sensing. 相似文献