Policies to support renewable energies in the heat market

Whereas the contribution from renewable energies in the electrical power market is increasing rapidly, similar progress in the heat market is yet to be made. A prerequisite for progress is the development of innovative support instruments that transcend the usual support through public subsidies or tax reductions. We present an overview of the various classes of possible instruments. Some particularly interesting instruments will be selected and evaluated, comparing them qualitatively and quantitatively for the case of Germany. The most favourable model is found to be a new, allocation-financed¹ model known as the Bonus Model. This model will be described in more detail.     

Textile solar light collectors based on models for polar bear hair

Concepts of technical fibers following models for the polar bear hair to be used for textile solar collectors are discussed. The approach to coat fibers with a thin layer into which fluorescent dyestuff was dispersed was studied experimentally. Modified fibers made of different polymers were characterized with respect to optical properties relevant for the bionic model. In the case of poly(methylmethacrylate) fibers, the envisaged effect could be achieved to high efficiency. The optical performance could be enhanced by ultrasonic dispersion of the dyestuff in the coating matrix. The effect is less significant in semi-crystalline fibers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), which is attributed to diffuse scattering.     

APC的InfraStruXure~(英飞)设计 为思科亚太区NSITE提供强有力支撑

英飞集成系统实际给我们提供了一种方案:目前,我们可以根据现在的需求而选择40kW的功率,当我们的业务增长时,英飞集成系统可以轻松升级以适应我们的需要。     

Nondestructive detection of fatigue damage in austenitic stainless steel by positron annihilation

Austenitic stainless steel specimens have been examined by positron-lifetime measurements at various stages until failure during fatigue tests at constant stress or plastic strain amplitudes. A positron-source-detector assembly has been mounted on the servohydraulic testing machines that allowed truly non-destructive positron annihilation studies without removing the specimens from the load train. Positrons were generated by a ⁷²Se/⁷² As source with a maximum activity of 0.9 MBq (25 μCi). The average positron lifetime has been determined by a β⁺ − γ-coincidence applying a simplified data evaluation procedure. Under constant stress or plastic strain amplitudes early stages of fatigue damage could be detected. The strong increase of the average positron lifetime already during the first 10% of fatigue life could be related to the fatigue life of the specimens. Issues of lifetime prediction by positron annihilation measurements are discussed.     

Erratum zu: Subjektive Sicherheit zur Steigerung der Akzeptanz des automatisierten und vernetzten Fahrens

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen -     

The Forgotten “Old-Darwinian” Synthesis: The Evolutionary Theory of Ludwig H. Plate (1862–1937)

The German zoologist and geneticist Ludwig Plate was a pupil and successor of the “German Darwin” Ernst Haeckel as the director of the Institute of Zoology at Jena University. Plate campaigned for a revival of the original Darwinism. His research program, which he labelled “old-Darwinism”, proclaimed the synthesis of selectionism with “moderate Lamarckism” and orthogenesis.This article reconstructs and analyses Plate’s “old-Darwinian” synthesis and sheds light on Plate’s controversial biography, especially his conflict with Haeckel. Our research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (HO 2143/5–2).     

High-resolution ab initio three-dimensional x-ray diffraction microscopy

Coherent x-ray diffraction microscopy is a method of imaging nonperiodic isolated objects at resolutions limited, in principle, by only the wavelength and largest scattering angles recorded. We demonstrate x-ray diffraction imaging with high resolution in all three dimensions, as determined by a quantitative analysis of the reconstructed volume images. These images are retrieved from the three-dimensional diffraction data using no a priori knowledge about the shape or composition of the object, which has never before been demonstrated on a nonperiodic object. We also construct two-dimensional images of thick objects with greatly increased depth of focus (without loss of transverse spatial resolution). These methods can be used to image biological and materials science samples at high resolution with x-ray undulator radiation and establishes the techniques to be used in atomic-resolution ultrafast imaging at x-ray free-electron laser sources.     

Infrared transmission spectrometry for the determination of urea in microliter sample volumes of blood plasma dialysates

Application of mid-infrared spectroscopy for the determination of urea in blood plasma dialysates of microliter sample volumes using a transmission microcell was investigated. Infrared spectra of the dialysates of plasma samples collected from 75 different patients using CMA 60 microdialysis catheters were evaluated with multivariate partial least squares regression. Using the absorbance spectral data from 1520-1420 cm(-1) and 1220-1120 cm(-1), a minimum standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.88 mg/dL (0.14 mM) was achieved with spectral variable selection. Our findings suggest the feasibility of developing a mid-infrared sensor in combination with micro-fluidics for on-line monitoring of urea in patients undergoing dialysis treatment.