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31.
We have investigated the surface of thin films (thickness 2 µm) of solid H2 between 1.5 and 4.2 K by measuring the ac conductivity of surface-state electrons (SSE). The films were prepared on a glass substrate by quench condensation at 1.5 K and were therefore initially strongly disordered. In fact the surface of the virgin films before any heat treatment was so rough that no current due to SSE could be observed. Annealing the films decreased the surface roughness and gave rise to a thermal-activation-type temperature dependence of the SSE conductivity. By proper heat treatment up to 8 K the activation energy could be reduced to 10k
B.On leave from the Hyogo University of Teacher Education, Shimokume 942-1, Yashiro, 673-14, Japan. 相似文献
32.
Christoph Windmeier Felix Flegiel Alexander Döß Ronald Franz Eckhard Schleicher Michael Wiezorek Markus Schubert Uwe Hampel 《化学,工程师,技术》2021,93(7):1119-1125
An optimized equipment design for natural gas processing and liquefaction plants becomes increasingly difficult with changing process conditions: Particularly low values of surface tension create rising challenges on the design of phase separators and column internals. The TERESA test rig at HZDR was designed to allow the investigation of multiphase thermohydraulics and phase separator performance under critical fluid properties in industrial dimensions. A versatile pipe test section is available in DN200 and equipment internals may be tested in a sectional DN300/DN500 test separator. The applied test fluid shows a high vapor-liquid density difference between 1470 and 940 kg m−3, viscosity as low as 0.12 mm2s−1, and surface tension down to 1.3 mN m−1. Volumetric liquid and vapor flow rates may be varied up to 9 and 530 m3h−1 in the test rig, respectively. 相似文献
33.
Andrei Tchernykh Luz Lozano Uwe Schwiegelshohn Pascal Bouvry Johnatan E. Pecero Sergio Nesmachnow Alexander Yu. Drozdov 《Journal of Grid Computing》2016,14(1):5-22
This paper focuses on a bi-objective experimental evaluation of online scheduling in the Infrastructure as a Service model of Cloud computing regarding income and power consumption objectives. In this model, customers have the choice between different service levels. Each service level is associated with a price per unit of job execution time, and a slack factor that determines the maximal time span to deliver the requested amount of computing resources. The system, via the scheduling algorithms, is responsible to guarantee the corresponding quality of service for all accepted jobs. Since we do not consider any optimistic scheduling approach, a job cannot be accepted if its service guarantee will not be observed assuming that all accepted jobs receive the requested resources. In this article, we analyze several scheduling algorithms with different cloud configurations and workloads, considering the maximization of the provider income and minimization of the total power consumption of a schedule. We distinguish algorithms depending on the type and amount of information they require: knowledge free, energy-aware, and speed-aware. First, to provide effective guidance in choosing a good strategy, we present a joint analysis of two conflicting goals based on the degradation in performance. The study addresses the behavior of each strategy under each metric. We assess the performance of different scheduling algorithms by determining a set of non-dominated solutions that approximate the Pareto optimal set. We use a set coverage metric to compare the scheduling algorithms in terms of Pareto dominance. We claim that a rather simple scheduling approach can provide the best energy and income trade-offs. This scheduling algorithm performs well in different scenarios with a variety of workloads and cloud configurations. 相似文献
34.
Uwe Neumann 《Journal of population ageing》2013,6(3):189-209
Among the highly developed countries, demographic ageing is particularly advanced in Germany. Accentuated by migration, there is great regional variation in the progress of demographic change. Within urban areas, residential neighbourhoods differ considerably in their demographic composition and perspectives. Based on municipal data, this paper examines regional variability in the diversity and pace of neighbourhood-level ageing. Focusing on the Rhine-Ruhr conurbation in North Rhine-Westphalia, the analysis outlines at what pace ageing proceeds in a variety of neighbourhoods, which attract no constant influx of working-age migrants. After decades of suburbanisation, in the period from 1998 to 2008 regional migration concentrated on the central districts of large cities. More profoundly in the most prosperous cities growing in population than in other cities, childless working-age adults separate from other age groups and family types in selected central city quarters. The findings suggest that spatial differentials in ageing are likely to affect future location decisions and, thereby, regional and local prosperity. 相似文献
35.
We present a new method for automatically proving termination of term rewriting. It is based on the well-known idea of interpretation
of terms where every rewrite step causes a decrease, but instead of the usual natural numbers we use vectors of natural numbers,
ordered by a particular nontotal well-founded ordering. Function symbols are interpreted by linear mappings represented by
matrices. This method allows us to prove termination and relative termination. A modification of the latter, in which strict
steps are only allowed at the top, turns out to be helpful in combination with the dependency pair transformation. By bounding
the dimension and the matrix coefficients, the search problem becomes finite. Our implementation transforms it to a Boolean
satisfiability problem (SAT), to be solved by a state-of-the-art SAT solver. 相似文献
36.
The ability to reliably merge independent updates of a document is a crucial prerequisite to efficient collaboration in office work. However, merge support for common office document standards like OpenDocument or OfficeOpenXML is still in its infancy. In this paper, we present a consistent versioning model for XML documents in general including merge support. This is achieved by using context-aware fingerprints that identify edit operations and allow for a conflict detection. We show how to extract tracked changes from office documents and map them on our delta model. Experimental results indicate that our fingerprinting technique is efficient and reliable. 相似文献
37.
Leonid B. Freidovich Pedro La Hera Uwe Mettin Anders Robertsson Anton S. Shiriaev Rolf Johansson 《Asian journal of control》2009,11(5):548-556
We consider an underactuated two‐link robot called the inertia wheel pendulum. The system consists of a free planar rotational pendulum and a symmetric disk attached to its end, which is directly controlled by a DC‐motor. The goal is to create stable oscillations of the pendulum, which is not directly actuated. We exploit a recently proposed feedback‐control design strategy based on motion planning via virtual holonomic constraints. This strategy is shown to be useful for design of regulators for achieving orbitally exponentially stable oscillatory motions. The main contribution is a step‐by‐step procedure on how to achieve oscillations with pre‐specified amplitude from a given range and an arbitrary independently chosen period. The theoretical results are verified via experiments with a real hardware setup. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society 相似文献
38.
39.
High Conductivity in Molecularly p‐Doped Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Polymer: The Impact of a High Dopant Strength and Good Structural Order
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Yevhen Karpov Tim Erdmann Ivan Raguzin Mahmoud Al‐Hussein Marcus Binner Uwe Lappan Manfred Stamm Kirill L. Gerasimov Tetyana Beryozkina Vasiliy Bakulev Denis V. Anokhin Dimitri A. Ivanov Florian Günther Sibylle Gemming Gotthard Seifert Brigitte Voit Riccardo Di Pietro Anton Kiriy 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2016,28(28):6003-6010
40.
Biologically-inspired methods such as evolutionary algorithms and neural networks are proving useful in the field of information fusion. Artificial immune systems (AISs) are a biologically-inspired approach which take inspiration from the biological immune system. Interestingly, recent research has shown how AISs which use multi-level information sources as input data can be used to build effective algorithms for realtime computer intrusion detection. This research is based on biological information fusion mechanisms used by the human immune system and as such might be of interest to the information fusion community. The aim of this paper is to present a summary of some of the biological information fusion mechanisms seen in the human immune system, and of how these mechanisms have been implemented as AISs. 相似文献